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Geographic Information Systems

Geographic Information Systems. Implementing a GIS. 1. Information is Power. People problems vs. technique problems GIS and GIS data are political tools "Numbers always beat no numbers". http://www.sdgs.usd.edu/bhdma/20050719/Sorensen.pdf. 2. Six Phases to Implement a GIS.

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Geographic Information Systems

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  1. Geographic Information Systems Implementing a GIS

  2. 1. Information is Power • People problems vs. technique problems • GIS and GIS data are political tools"Numbers always beat no numbers" http://www.sdgs.usd.edu/bhdma/20050719/Sorensen.pdf

  3. 2. Six Phases to Implement a GIS • Phase 1. Awareness • Phase 2. Developing system requirements • Phase 3. System evaluation • Phase 4. Implementation plan • Phase 5. System acquisition and start-up • Phase 6. Operation

  4. Phase 1 - Awareness • Top-down - Funding and organization support from the top, but resistance from staff • Bottom-up - Technical knowledge and support from the bottom but may take time to convince the top • The role of consultants

  5. Phase 2 - Developing System Requirements • User needs analysis - What are the needs and who's needs, procedures used for the current system and future needs - current operations vs. new ways of doing current operations vs. new operations • The standardization of data, process optimization, and data/equipment sharing • These are both technical and organizational issues - interoperability at technical, semantic, and institutional levels

  6. Phase 2 - Developing System Requirements • An example of system requirement for GIS operations This chart detects common GIS functions and the applications that can be used to perform the functions http://lagic.lsu.edu/gisprimer/phased_implementation.asp#6Phases

  7. Phase 3 - System Evaluation • Stage 1. Identify candidate systems - Essential vs. would-be-nice-to-have - New technology generation ratio - Overhead vs. maintenance • State 2. Benchmarking - Real data, real problem, direct staff involvement

  8. Phase 4 - Implementation Plan • Cost/benefit analysis: - cost: time, labor, software, hardware initial costs, long term costs- benefit: tangible and intangible, GIS data base is a gold mine • Staff

  9. Phase 4 - Implementation Plan Alternative approaches to implementing a GIS http://lagic.lsu.edu/gisprimer/phased_implementation.asp#6Phases

  10. Phase 4 - Implementation Plan • Organize the components of a GIS

  11. Phase 5 - System Acquisition and Start-Up • - Site preparation • - Training • - Internal communication • - External communication

  12. Phase 5 - System Acquisition and Start-Up • Pilot Project - Develop a complete data set for small study area and an easily attainable project with high probability of success - Plan and execute as if full-scale application - Have all staff/users participate - Use your resources, available staff and consultants - Report Results

  13. Phase 6 - Operation • Internal and external communications

  14. Reading • Chapter 11

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