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2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. Chemical Reactions. process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants: elements that enter into a chemical reaction (bonds are broken) Products: elements produced by a chemical reaction (bonds formed).

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2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

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  1. 2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

  2. Chemical Reactions • process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals • Reactants: elements that enter into a chemical reaction (bonds are broken) • Products: elements produced by a chemical reaction (bonds formed) H2CO3(aq)  →   H2O(l) + CO2(g)

  3. Energy in Reactions • Energy is released or absorbed in reaction • Those that release energy are called exothermic

  4. Energy, cont. • Those that absorb energy are called endothermic • Animals get their energy from food while plants get their energy from sunlight.

  5. Activation Energy • Activation energy: the energy that is needed to get a reaction to start

  6. Enzymes • Most reactions require an enzyme because the activation energy is too high. • Catalyst: a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. • They work by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. • Enzymes: proteins that act as biological catalysts. • speed up chemical reactions • They are very specific, generally catalyzing only one chemical reaction.

  7. Enzyme Action • Substrates: the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions • Active site: area of the enzyme that substrate binds to. • Enzymes are very specific. They will only work on substrates they are made to work on.

  8. Lock and Keyand Induced Fit

  9. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity • Enzymes work best at a certain pH and temperature.

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