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Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae. Medically important organisms traditionally called “plants”. Five Kingdom System. Kingdom Monera Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae). Nostoc. Oscillatoria. Kingdom Protista. Six divisions of algae: Division Pyrrophyta - dinoflagellates
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Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae Medically important organisms traditionally called “plants”
Kingdom Monera Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae) Nostoc Oscillatoria
Kingdom Protista • Six divisions of algae: • Division Pyrrophyta - dinoflagellates • Division Chrysophyta - diatoms • Division Euglenophyta - euglenoids • Division Chlorophyta - green algae • Division Rhodophyta - red algae • Division Phaeophyta - brown algae • Two divisions of fungi
Div. Phaeophyta KELP - common name for several brown seaweeds
Kingdom Planta • 10 divisions of plants • Organize into 4 groups • mosses and liverworts (Division Bryophyta) • ferns and fern-allies (four divisions) • gymnosperms (four divisions) • angiosperms (Division Magnoliophyta)
Bryophyta: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts Moss Liverwort
Lower Vascular Plants: Ferns and fern-allies • Reproduce by spores formed in a sporangium • Long fossil history • Divisions • whisk ferns – Psilophyta • club mosses – Lycophyta • horsetails – Sphenophyta • ferns – Pterophyta
Division Sphenophyta Horsetails (Equisetum)
Division Pterophyta Ferns - About 10,000 species exist from tropics to arctic. Braken fern known to be toxic
Gymnosperms • Division Cycadophyta - Cycads • Division Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo • Division Gnetophyta - Ephedra and allies • Division Coniferophyta - Conifers
Division Gnetophyta – Ephedra is one of three genera in the division
Division ConiferophytaCupressaceae - Cedar Family Pollen release from a male Juniperus tree
Important Angiosperm Families with Health Effects • Solanaceae - nightshade family • Papaveraceae - poppy family • Brassicaceae - mustard family • Euphorbiaceae - euphorb family • Rubiaceae - coffee tree family • Fabaceae - legume family • Liliaceae - lily family
Fungal-like organisms in Kingdom Protista • Slime molds - Division Myxomycota • Slimy (animal-like) feeding stage • Reproduce by spores • Water molds - Division Oomycota • Many in fresh water others on land • Important plant pathogens in this group
Kingdom Fungi • Divison Zygomycota (zygomycetes) - simple mycelial fungi – “sugar fungi” • Division Ascomycota (ascomycetes) - yeasts, mycelial fungi, morels, cup fungi, truffles • Division Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes) - mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs • Asexual Fungi (imperfect fungi) - artificial group of mycelial fungi with no sexual stage - molds