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Activities and achievements relevant to GESAMP See GESAMP 37/3 for more detail

Activities and achievements relevant to GESAMP See GESAMP 37/3 for more detail. Henrik Enevoldsen Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. The UN Regular Process – Asessments of Assessments.

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Activities and achievements relevant to GESAMP See GESAMP 37/3 for more detail

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  1. Activities and achievements relevant to GESAMPSee GESAMP 37/3 for more detail Henrik Enevoldsen Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO

  2. The UN Regular Process – Asessments of Assessments In 2005 the UN General Assembly requested UNEP and the IOC-UNESCO to serve as the lead agencies to carry out a three years start-up phase, in cooperation with all relevant UN agencies and Programs of the UN, to conduct an “Assessment of Assessments (AoA)”. The AoA was implemented through an independent and geographically diverse Group of Experts set up in 2006 (which also included GESAMP experts), tasked with a detailed examination of the various existing marine assessments.

  3. The published version of the AoA report was launched by IOC and UNEP on 31 August 2009 in New York. (The AoA report and its Summary in 6 UN languages is available at http://www.unga-regular-process.org. An ‘Ad Hoc Working Group of Whole’ met in New York 31 August- 4 September 2009 to recommend to the UN General Assembly a course of action regarding the Regular Process, on the basis of the results of the AoA and the options defined by the Group of Expert. The UN General Assembly has decided to provide additional time for Member States to agree on the modalities for the implementation of the regular process, including the key features, institutional arrangements and financing. This review should be completed by a second meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group (in September 2010) hopefully leading to the launch of the Regular Process in 2011.

  4. TWAP – Transboundary Water Assessment Programme In relation to the Regular Process, UNEP in partnership with IOC and several other organisations, are executing a GEF Medium Size Project on Transboundary Water Assessment Programme (TWAP) to develop: a partnership among organisations; the methodology for assessment /results tracking for each of the five categories of transboundary water systems (transboundary groundwater; transboundary lakes/reservoirs; transboundary river basins; Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs); and open ocean areas); and the arrangements needed to conduct a baseline transboundary waters assessment that may be conducted with GEF funding following completion of the TWAP. The periodic assessment would then be sustained in the future through the partnership of agencies and organizations, and would include data series collected by GEF IW projects that would be useful to those agencies and to UNEP’s GEO process.

  5. IOC is coordinating the Open Ocean and LME Working Groups of the TWAP which met 3-5 February 2010 in Paris, IOC Hq. GESAMP is considered to be a crucial partner and was invited to attend the above meeting and to become an institutional partner of the project. It is expected that the outcomes of the TWAP project would be directly applicable to the needs of the Regular Process and its requirement for harmonized assessment methodologies.

  6. Ocean acidification The IOC is with SCOR every 4 years holding an international symposium, “The Ocean in a High-CO2 World”, to evaluate what is known about these issues. The 2nd of these was held in 2008 and brought together 220 scientists from 32 countries to assess what is known about ocean acidification impacts on marine chemistry and ecosystems. In 2009 the IOC jointly with SCOR, IAEA and IGBP published an Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers (http://www.ocean-acidification.net/ )

  7. Nutrient standards An IOC-ICES Study Group on Nutrients Standards (SGONS) will meet at UNESCO, Paris, 23–24 March 2010 to undertake specific tasks to develop reference materials for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) and measurement protocols to improve the comparability and traceability of nutrient data in the world’s oceans: Develop and establish reference materials for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) collaborating with producers of currently available RMNS. Primary determinants are nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate. Develop new sampling and measurement protocols using the RMNS. Carry out an international collaboration exercise to verify the stability of the reference materials and test the proficiency of the new protocols. Complete and publish a revised nutrients analysis manual. Distribute 10,000 bottles of RMNS to laboratories measuring nutrients as part of the CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography Program to construct a global nutrient dataset referenced to the new RMNS. Promote the use of RMNS to aim for global acceptance.

  8. Ballast of Ships and other Vectors The ICES/IOC/IMO Working Group on Ballast and Other Ship Vectors (WGBOSV) : critically review and report on the status of shipping vector research with an emphasis on new developments in ballast water treatment technology, risk assessment, ballast water sampling devices, and selection of ballast water exchange zones to contribute to guidelines currently in preparation by IMO discuss and evaluate sampling strategies under consideration at IMO and provide comment with the aim to submit to relevant IMO committees.

  9. Watershed Nutrient Export to Coastal SystemsGlobalNEWS • GlobalNEWS 2002-2009 • model development and assessment of current river nutrient export at river mouth • Consistent framework for data and models • Development of model for DSi • Indicator for Coastal Eutrophication Potential (ICEP) (Billen et al., 2007) • Retrospective (1970-2000) and scenario (2000-2050) analysis based on Millennium Assessment

  10. First step towards risk assessment Based on N:P:Si molar ratios ICEP>0: risk of harmful algal blooms

  11. Summary • N & P enrichment coastal ecosystems – not just local issue; many world regions • Global “hotspots” of export • Major sources export of DIN, DIP, DOP & DON differ • DIN ~60% anthropogenic • mainly non-point agricultural • DIP ~60% anthropogenic • mainly point source (sewage) • DON & DOP >80% natural sources • but anthropogenic >50% in many regions

  12. Future work: NEWS2USE Coastal eutrophication: linking nutrient sources to coastal ecosystem effects and management Nutrient Export from Watersheds 2, User Scenario Evaluation Chairs: J. Harrison, A.F. Bouwman UNEP/GPA, IGBP, SCOR, INI on Steering Committee

  13. NEWS2USE: analysis of impacts PSP=paralytic shellfish poisoning Hypoxia (Diaz and Rosenberg, Science 2008) Harmful algal blooms (Glibert, in prep.) Fish kills

  14. NEWS2USE: objectives Quantitative analysis of impacts of nutrient loading and changing nutrient ratios in coastal marine ecosystems on Chlorophyll Hypoxia Harmful algal blooms (HAB) Fisheries Development of a tool to support science and analyze effectiveness of policy strategies

  15. NEWS2USE: research questions Can we predict how natural and anthropogenic factors interact to modulate coastal zone ecosystems and stresses on organisms from phytoplankton to fish? Scope is global Identification of problem areas/nutrient sources Regional in-depth studies

  16. Thank you

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