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Cholera Toxin

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micah
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Cholera Toxin. Jerry Fang. Cholera. Caused by Vibrio Cholerae Around 1 million V. Cholerae needs to be ingested by a healthy adult to contract cholera Contracted from contaminated water or food More common in underdeveloped countries Many possible preventions. Vibrio Cholerae.

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  1. Cholera Toxin Jerry Fang

  2. Cholera • Caused by Vibrio Cholerae • Around 1 million V. Cholerae needs to be ingested by a healthy adult to contract cholera • Contracted from contaminated water or food • More common in underdeveloped countries • Many possible preventions

  3. Vibrio Cholerae http://www.designthatmatters.org/proto_portfolio/cholera_treatment/multimedia/vibrio_cholerae.jpg

  4. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg

  5. If you come across… http://www.npr.org/programs/wesat/features/2005/sep/borderpollution200.jpg

  6. You Know You Have Cholera When You Have… • General gastrointestinal upset: fever, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, and massive amounts of diarrhea. • The resulting effects of the diarrhea in underdeveloped conditions is further contamination of local resources. • The symptoms described above all prescribe the patient to one fate, dehydration.

  7. Dehydration Hallucinationby Tyler McPherson http://www.mindmined.com/gallery/tyler_mcpherson/16.html

  8. http://homepage.ntlworld.com/severedhead/pics/diarrhea.jpg

  9. Dehydration – The Killer • Characterized by: thirst, muscle cramps, weakness, loss of tissue turgor, sunken eyes, wrinkled skin, severe metabolic acidosis with potassium depletion, anuria, circulatory collapse and cyanosis. • The massive loss of fluid and electrolytes cause hypotension (low blood pressure) and leads to circulatory volume shock. • Circulatory volume shock occurs if the fluid and electrolytes lost though diarrhea are not replaced, leaving the body little to no compensation for the volume of fluids lost through diarrhea.

  10. Cholera Toxin Structure (1xtc)

  11. A1-Subunit Domains • Domain 1 (132 AA)- Interacts with NAD to form ADP-Ribose and nicotinamide • Domain 2 – Tethers domain 1 to 3 • Domain 3 (31 AA)- Hydrophobic, envelopes disulfide bridge between A1 and A2

  12. A2-Subunit KDEL DOMAIN – Endoplasmic Retention Signal

  13. B-Subunits (5)

  14. Normal Function of AC

  15. Abnormal Function

  16. Death • From the first liquid stool, it takes 4-12 hours to experience shock • From shock death will follow within 18 hours to several days

  17. References • 1. "Cholera." Wikipedia. 17 Apr. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera>. • 2. Todar, Kenneth. "Vibrio Cholerae and Asiatic Cholera." Online Textbook of Bacteriology. 2005. University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology. 17 Apr. 2006 <http://textbookofbacteriology.net/cholera.html>. • 3. Glenn Morris, Jr, J. "Cholera and Other Types of Vibriosis: a Story of Human Pandemics and Oysters on the Half Shell." Food Safety 37 (2003): 272-289. PubMed. OVID. Rutgers, New Brunswick. • 4. Zhang, R.G.,  Scott, D.L.,  Westbrook, M.L.,  Nance, S.,  Spangler, B.D.,  Shipley, G.G.,  Westbrook, E.M. The three-dimensional crystal structure of cholera toxin. J.Mol.Biol. v251 pp.563-573 , 1995