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The Tariff of Abominations and Jackson's Presidency: A Battle for State Rights

The War on the Bank of the United States bolstered President Jackson's popularity among certain Americans, particularly in the wake of the Tariff of Abominations, which created a national crisis. This historical context highlights how the federal tariff benefited northern manufacturers while harming Southern planters, leading to John Calhoun's advocacy for states' rights and nullification. Despite his Southern roots, Jackson prioritized federal unity, resulting in Calhoun's resignation. Eventually, tensions escalated with South Carolina's challenge to federal authority, further complicating Jackson’s presidency and the state's struggle for rights.

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The Tariff of Abominations and Jackson's Presidency: A Battle for State Rights

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Presentation Transcript

  1. A Strong President Chapter 11, Section 3

  2. The war on the bank of the United States made Jackson more popular than ever with certain Americans

  3. The Tariff of Abominations • A crisis over tariffs threatened to split the nation • Tariff of Abominations: Congress passed the highest tariff in the nation’s history • Abomination: something that is hated

  4. The Tariff of Abominations • The new law benefited northern manufactures by protecting them from foreign competition • Southern planters were hurt by the tariff • They had to pay more to import frequently purchased European goods

  5. Calhoun (VP) for state’s rights • Calhoun led the South’s fight against the tariff • Like Thomas Jefferson, he argued that states had the right to nullify or cancel a federal law that is considered unconstitutional • Nullification: the idea of a state declaring a federal law illegal

  6. Calhoun (VP) for state’s rights • State’s rights: the right of state’s to limit the power of the federal government • Calhoun believed states had the final authority

  7. The Vice President Resigns • Calhoun and other Southerners expected Jackson to support their view • Jackson was born in the South and lived in the West • Both supported state’s rights • However, Jackson supported the Federal Union

  8. The Vice President Resigns • The debate over state’s right continued for years • Calhoun resigned as VP and was elected Senator of South Carolina • Martin Van Buren became Jackson’s VP in 1832

  9. Challenge From South Carolina • 1832 Congress passed a new law that slightly lowered the tariff • South Carolina was not happy • It passed the Nullification Act, declaring the new tariff illegal • Threatened to secede: or withdraw from the union

  10. Challenge From South Carolina • Jackson supported a compromise proposed by Henry Clay • Lowered the tariff • Force Bill: Jackson could use the army to enforce the tariff in South Carolina

  11. Challenge From South Carolina • No other state supported South Carolina • Calhoun gave in and gave in to Clay’s compromise

  12. New Threats to Native Americans • By the 1820s only about 125,000 Indians still lived east of the Mississippi • They wanted to live in peace with their white neighbors • Their land was ideal for growing cotton • Land hungry settlers wanted the Indian land

  13. New Threats to Native Americans • Jackson sided with the white settlers • The government set land aside beyond the Mississippi and forced Indians to move there

  14. The Cherokee Nation • Few Indians wanted to move • Cherokees lived in farming villages • They had a constitution that set up a republican form of government

  15. The Cherokee Nation • Sequoyah, created a written alphabet for his people • Cherokee children learned to read ad write • Published a newspaper

  16. A legal battle • 1828 Georgia claimed the right to make laws for the Cherokee nation • Cherokees went to court • They pointed to the treaties with the federal government that protected their rights and property • Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in favor of the Cherokees

  17. A legal battle • Jackson stepped in • Georgia had the right to extend its authority over Cherokee land • Jackson refused to enforce the court’s decision

  18. A Tragic March • Indian Removal Act: Native Americans were forced to sign treaties agreeing to move west of the Mississippi

  19. Forced to leave • The Cherokees held out the longest • 1838 the U.S. Army forced them to leave at gunpoint

  20. Forced to leave • Cherokees trekked hundreds of miles • Had little food or shelter • Thousands perished, mostly children and elderly • ¼ of the Indians died • Trail of Tears: name given to the long sorrowful journey

  21. The Seminoles resist • In Florida the Seminoles resisted removal • Chief Osceola: led the fight against the U.S. army • Seminole War: 1835 to 1842 • Costliest war waged by the U.S. to gain Indian lands • Seminoles were defeated

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