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Greek History

Greek History. Complex and sophisticated motto: all things in moderation they did nothing in moderation. Ancient Greece. importance to Western culture fundamental ideas and categories Individualism and Humanism the rise of Reason decline of superstition/religion. Important Precursors.

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Greek History

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  1. Greek History • Complex and sophisticated • motto: all things in moderation • they did nothing in moderation

  2. Ancient Greece • importance to Western culture • fundamental ideas and categories • Individualism and Humanism • the rise of Reason • decline of superstition/religion

  3. Important Precursors • Minoan Crete • Mycenaean Greece

  4. The eastern Mediterranean area

  5. Minoan Crete • ca. 2900 B.C. to 1450 B.C. • contemporary with Egypt • major, non-river valley culture • highly sophisticated • literate • Linear A and Linear B

  6. Minoan Crete, con’t • surplus agriculture • industry • over-seas commercial trade

  7. Minoan Culture • elaborate towns and villages • complex religious ideas • sophisticated art • sports and leisure • high status for women

  8. an artist’s rendering of the main building of the Palace of Minos at Knossos

  9. Another idea of Knossos

  10. North entrance of the Palace of Knossos Iraklion Museum, Crete

  11. Decorated storage jars Knossos

  12. Storage cellars palace of Knossos

  13. Palace of Knossos Room of the Double Axes

  14. Palace of Knossos: the Throne Room of Minos

  15. Palace, north entrance: the famous Bull fresco

  16. Great Propylaea at the south entrance of the palace

  17. A fresco with partridges from the Caravan seraglio of Knossos.

  18. From the Palace of Knossos: The famous "bull leaping" fresco from the East wing of the palace

  19. The Throne of King Minos

  20. The Queen’s rooms, with blue dolphins

  21. Rython bull’s head from Knossos

  22. Poppy Goddess

  23. Snake “goddess” -goddess? -priestess? -worshipper?

  24. The Blue Ladies

  25. Minoan Priestess

  26. Religious procession

  27. Labrys “double axe” Labyrinth = “the House of the Double Axe”

  28. Temple entrance to a cave shrine

  29. Minoan Culture, con’t • unwalled cities • no foreign invasions • few weapons • no civil conflict

  30. Mycenaeans • Bonze Age Greeks • 2000-1100 B.C. • small, warrior states • war, trade, piracy • literate (Linear B)

  31. Mycenaeans, con’t • the Heroic Age • the Age of Myth • the development of Greek Religion • beginnings of a common culture

  32. Mycenae, ca.1450 B.C.

  33. The great megaron at Mycenae

  34. The death mask of “King Agamemnon” Mycenae

  35. The Dark Ages • the Dorian Invasion ? • loss of literacy • loss of political sophistication

  36. The Archaic Period • ca. 850 B.C. • beginning of classical Greek history • foundations of Western culture

  37. The Polis • the city-state • city and dependent territory • independence of each city • warfare and rivalry

  38. Rise of Literacy • the alphabet • Homer • the Iliad, the Odyssey • Hesiod • Works and Days, the Theogony • Lyric poetry • Sappho

  39. Greek cities and colonies, 750-650 B.C.

  40. The Good Ones • monarchy (rule by one) • aristocracy (rule by the best) • constitutional government(rule by a body of law)

  41. The Bad Ones • tyranny (extra-legal rule by one man) • oligarchy (rule by a faction) • democracy (rule by the people, without law)

  42. Athens and Sparta • most available evidence • both are exceptions to the norm • both dominate the Greek world

  43. Sparta • no colonization, conquest of neighbors • the constitution of Lycurgus • a perpetual military state • all citizens are subordinated to the state • no private property

  44. Athens • evolution from monarchy to democracy • aristocracy, with elected rulers • Cylon and Draco • Solon: reform and timocracy • Peisistratus: a tyranny • Cleisthenes: the rise of democracy

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