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Toddlers and Preschoolers

Toddlers and Preschoolers. Physical Development. Age Groups. Toddlers. Preschoolers. 1-2 year olds Name comes from the early, unsteady steps they first take around this age. 3-5 year olds More physically advanced; preparing for school. Growth. Height and Weight.

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Toddlers and Preschoolers

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  1. Toddlers and Preschoolers Physical Development

  2. Age Groups Toddlers Preschoolers 1-2 year olds Name comes from the early, unsteady steps they first take around this age 3-5 year olds More physically advanced; preparing for school

  3. Growth

  4. Height and Weight Toddlers gain about half the monthly weight and height they did during the first year

  5. Height and Weight • Toddlers gain about half the monthly weight and height they did during the first year • About 4-5 pounds and 3-4 inches per year

  6. Height and Weight • Toddlers gain about half the monthly weight and height they did during the first year • About 4-5 pounds and 3-4 inches per year • Variations in size are much greater after the first birthday

  7. Height and Weight • Toddlers gain about half the monthly weight and height they did during the first year • About 4-5 pounds and 3-4 inches per year • Variations in size are much greater after the first birthday • Growth for preschoolers is only slightly slower than that of toddlers

  8. Height and Weight • Toddlers gain about half the monthly weight and height they did during the first year • About 4-5 pounds and 3-4 inches per year • Variations in size are much greater after the first birthday • Growth for preschoolers is only slightly slower than that of toddlers • About 4-5 pounds and 2 ½-3 inches per year

  9. Height and Weight • Toddlers gain about half the monthly weight and height they did during the first year • About 4-5 pounds and 3-4 inches per year • Variations in size are much greater after the first birthday • Growth for preschoolers is only slightly slower than that of toddlers • About 4-5 pounds and 2 ½-3 inches per year • Boys tend to be slightly taller and heavier than girls during this period

  10. Proportion and Posture Posture improves during toddler years because of changes in physical proportions

  11. Proportion and Posture • Posture improves during toddler years because of changes in physical proportions • Until age 2, the circumference of the head and torso are about the same

  12. Proportion and Posture • Posture improves during toddler years because of changes in physical proportions • Until age 2, the circumference of the head and torso are about the same • Protruding abdomen, head bent slightly forward, knees and elbows slightly bent

  13. Proportion and Posture • Posture improves during toddler years because of changes in physical proportions • Until age 2, the circumference of the head and torso are about the same • Protruding abdomen, head bent slightly forward, knees and elbows slightly bent • After age 2, the chest becomes larger than the head and abdomen, and arms, legs, and torso lengthen, spine is stronger

  14. Proportion and Posture • Posture improves during toddler years because of changes in physical proportions • Until age 2, the circumference of the head and torso are about the same • Protruding abdomen, head bent slightly forward, knees and elbows slightly bent • After age 2, the chest becomes larger than the head and abdomen, and arms, legs, and torso lengthen, spine is stronger • Child has better balance and motor skills and can stand straighter

  15. Proportion and Posture Posture changes noticeably during preschool years

  16. Proportion and Posture • Posture changes noticeably during preschool years • Child’s body becomes slimmer and straighter, tummy flattens, chest broadens and flattens, legs lengthen rapidly, neck lengthens

  17. Proportion and Posture • Posture changes noticeably during preschool years • Child’s body becomes slimmer and straighter, tummy flattens, chest broadens and flattens, legs lengthen rapidly, neck lengthens • Child stands more erect with shoulders back; improved abdominal strength; improved balance and coordination

  18. Teeth Children typically have 8 teeth by their first birthday

  19. Teeth Children typically have 8 teeth by their first birthday 8 more teeth typically come in by the second birthday

  20. Teeth Children typically have 8 teeth by their first birthday 8 more teeth typically come in by the second birthday The last 4 teeth typically come in by the third birthday, making a full set of 20 Primary Teeth, or baby teeth

  21. Teeth Children typically have 8 teeth by their first birthday 8 more teeth typically come in by the second birthday The last 4 teeth typically come in by the third birthday, making a full set of 20 Primary Teeth, or baby teeth Children begin losing their primary teeth around 5 years old

  22. Teeth Diet influences the quality of the teeth

  23. Teeth • Diet influences the quality of the teeth • Mother’s diet during pregnancy affects developing teeth in fetus

  24. Teeth • Diet influences the quality of the teeth • Mother’s diet during pregnancy affects developing teeth in fetus • Toddlers need dairy products, vitamin D, and fluoride

  25. Teeth • Diet influences the quality of the teeth • Mother’s diet during pregnancy affects developing teeth in fetus • Toddlers need dairy products, vitamin D, and fluoride • Limit sweets and NEVER put the child to bed with a bottle!

  26. Teeth • Diet influences the quality of the teeth • Mother’s diet during pregnancy affects developing teeth in fetus • Toddlers need dairy products, vitamin D, and fluoride • Limit sweets and NEVER put the child to bed with a bottle! • Baby bottle decay or Bottle mouth

  27. Teeth • Diet influences the quality of the teeth • Mother’s diet during pregnancy affects developing teeth in fetus • Toddlers need dairy products, vitamin D, and fluoride • Limit sweets and NEVER put the child to bed with a bottle! • Toddlers should have their first dental visit at about 18 months

  28. Teeth • Children need to have their teeth brushed with a small, soft toothbrush at least twice a day.

  29. Teeth • Children need to have their teeth brushed with a small, soft toothbrush at least twice a day. • By age 2, children can begin trying to brush their own teeth but may still need help or supervision for a couple years

  30. Teeth • Children need to have their teeth brushed with a small, soft toothbrush at least twice a day. • By age 2, children can begin trying to brush their own teeth but may still need help or supervision for a couple years • A child’s toothpaste and/or water should have fluoride • Fluoride—strengthens the enamel (hard outer coating) of teeth to help prevent decay

  31. Teeth • Children need to have their teeth brushed with a small, soft toothbrush at least twice a day. • By age 2, children can begin trying to brush their own teeth but may still need help or supervision for a couple years • A child’s toothpaste and/or water should have fluoride • Fluoride—strengthens the enamel (hard outer coating) of teeth to help prevent decay • Children should be taught to brush for at least 1 minute each time

  32. Teeth Thumb-sucking—many children suck their thumbs for comfort and will generally stop on their own

  33. Teeth • Thumb-sucking—many children suck their thumbs for comfort and will generally stop on their own • If it continues past age 5, check with a dentist or orthodontist, because it can affect the shape of the mouth or the way the teeth line up

  34. Motor Development

  35. Motor Skills Major changes in motor skills take place during the toddler and preschool years

  36. Motor Skills Major changes in motor skills take place during the toddler and preschool years Not all children develop skills at the same rate

  37. Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills—enhanced by physical exercise

  38. Motor Skills • Gross Motor Skills—enhanced by physical exercise • Walking is a significant milestone—around 1 year old

  39. Motor Skills • Gross Motor Skills—enhanced by physical exercise • Walking is a significant milestone—around 1 year old • Preschoolers are very energetic, and their favorite activities are usually physical

  40. Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills—enhanced by playing with toys

  41. Motor Skills • Fine Motor Skills—enhanced by playing with toys • Picking up objects between thumb and forefinger is one of the first major milestones—around 1 year old

  42. Motor Skills • Fine Motor Skills—enhanced by playing with toys • Picking up objects between thumb and forefinger is one of the first major milestones—around 1 year old • Learning to feed themselves and drink from a cup—between 1st and 2nd year

  43. Motor Skills • Fine Motor Skills—enhanced by playing with toys • Picking up objects between thumb and forefinger is one of the first major milestones—around 1 year old • Learning to feed themselves and drink from a cup—between 1st and 2nd year • Dexterity—skillful use of hands and fingers—increases as the child gets older

  44. Motor Skills • Fine Motor Skills—enhanced by playing with toys • Picking up objects between thumb and forefinger is one of the first major milestones—around 1 year old • Learning to feed themselves and drink from a cup—between 1st and 2nd year • Dexterity—skillful use of hands and fingers—increases as the child gets older • 3-year-olds—have enough dexterity to draw circles, lines, crosses, etc.

  45. Motor Skills • Fine Motor Skills—enhanced by playing with toys • Picking up objects between thumb and forefinger is one of the first major milestones—around 1 year old • Learning to feed themselves and drink from a cup—between 1st and 2nd year • Dexterity—skillful use of hands and fingers—increases as the child gets older • 3-year-olds—have enough dexterity to draw circles, lines, crosses, etc. • 4-year-olds—can lace shoes and put simple puzzles together

  46. Motor Skills • Fine Motor Skills—enhanced by playing with toys • Picking up objects between thumb and forefinger is one of the first major milestones—around 1 year old • Learning to feed themselves and drink from a cup—between 1st and 2nd year • Dexterity—skillful use of hands and fingers—increases as the child gets older • 3-year-olds—have enough dexterity to draw circles, lines, crosses, etc. • 4-year-olds—can lace shoes and put simple puzzles together • 5-year-olds—can tie shoes, print some letters

  47. Motor Skills • Hand preference—most toddlers and preschoolers will switch from one hand to another for tasks, but by about age 5 will consistently prefer either the right or left hand for most activities

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