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Understanding Multivalent Ionic Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

In this guide, we explore multivalent ionic compounds, which contain transition metal ions that can carry more than one charge. Roman numerals are used to denote the charge of these ions. We examine examples of naming and writing formulas for compounds like copper(II) oxide and lead(IV) sulfide. Additionally, we delve into polyatomic ions, explaining their structure and recognition through endings such as -ATE and -ITE. The role of water in hydrated ionic compounds is also discussed, providing examples and rules for naming these compounds.

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Understanding Multivalent Ionic Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

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  1. MULTIVALENT IONIC COMPOUNDS • Ions of some transition elements can have more than one possible charge. • Such elements are called MULTIVALENT species. • For example, what are the 2 possible charges for copper – Cu? • _________________ • _________________ • WE use ROMAN NUMERALS to indicate the type of charge on these multivalent ions. • 1+  I • 2+  II • 3+  III • 4+  IV • 5+  V • 6+  VI • ONLY USE WITH MULTIVALENT IONS!

  2. GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA RULES • Use ROMAN NUMERALS to determine the ION CHARGE of the MULTIVALENT ION. • If ROMAN NUMERAL are NOT given, use the charge found on the top in each box on the table. • EXAMPLE: • copper (II) oxide _________________________

  3. GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA • lead (IV) sulfide _________________________ • tin sulfide _________________________

  4. GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME • RULES • Write the names of the ions. • Write the ROMAN NUMERAL for the MULTIVALENT ION. There are 2 METHODS: • METHOD 1 Charges must add up to zero. • METHOD 2 Charge of Anion X Subscript of Anion Subscript of Cation

  5. GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME • PbI2 _________________________ • Fe2O3 _________________________

  6. GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME • CuCl _________________________ • MnO2 _________________________

  7. POLYATOMIC IONIC COMPOUNDS • DEFINITION: • Polyatomic ions are GROUPS OF ATOMS acting as 1 ION, carrying an OVERALL CHARGE. • On the back of your periodic table, there is a POLYATOMIC ION TABLE. • Endings of polyatomic ions are easily recognizable as they are often –ATE or –ITE, providing a good clue. • EXAMPLES: • nitrate ________ • nitrite ________ • cyanide ________ • hydroxide ________ • bicarbonate ________ • chlorate ________ • carbonate ________ • sulfate ________ • phosphate ________ • ammonium ________ • acetate ________

  8. GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA • lithium sulfate _____________________ • ammonium carbonate _____________________

  9. GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA • hydrogen dichromate _____________________ • sodium acetate _____________________

  10. GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME • HNO3 _____________________ • NaOH _____________________

  11. GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME • KMnO4 _____________________ • Cu2SO4 _____________________

  12. SOME OTHER NAMES . . . • hydrogen carbonate is AKA bicarbonate HCO3- • hydrogen sulfate is AKA bisulfate HSO4- • tetraborate B4O72- • silicate SiO32- • glutamate C5NH8O4-

  13. HYDRATED IONIC COMPOUNDS • Hydrated ionic compounds have WATER attached to their crystal lattice structure. • Solutions become hydrated when they are crystallized from a water solution. • They are often recognizable by eye because they are often SHINY and TRANSLUCENT. • Examples: • Bluestone, Epsom salts, Rock salts • BLUESTONE  CuSO4 ∙5H2O • 5 H2O molecules attached to each CuSO4 compound. • The “dot” represents a weak bond.

  14. HYDRATED IONIC COMPOUNDS • We indicate the presence of water with the word HYDRATE and we indicate the number of water molecules with our GREEK PREFIXES: • MONO 1, DI 2, TRI 3, TETRA 4, PENTA 5, HEXA 6, HEPTA 7, OCTA 8, NONA 9, DECA 10 • ANHYDROUS: NO water attached

  15. GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA • barium chloride dihydrate • _____________________ • potassium hydroxide hexahydrate • _____________________

  16. GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA • sodium carbonate octahydrate • _____________________ • cobalt (II) chloride decahydrate • _____________________

  17. GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME • CaSO4 ∙2H2O _____________________ • Na3PO4 ∙4H2O ______________________

  18. GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME • HCN ∙ 3H2O _____________________ • HOMEWORK: • DO THE SHEET ON HYDRATED IONIC COMPOUNDS ON THE NEXT PAGE OF YOUR HANDOUT.

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