AFCEA – SPAWAR C4ISR Symposium Hall of Champions San Diego April 5, 2011

1. AFCEA – SPAWAR C4ISR SymposiumHall of ChampionsSan DiegoApril 5, 2011 UxS In a Denied Environment Steve Koepenick- Moderator Deputy for Program Development Autonomous Systems ISR/IO Competency SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific

2. Overview Introduction – Steve Koepenick • A Global Force • Permissive, Contested and Denied Environments • Format for Today’s Event • Scenario 2025, Red Team, Blue Team • George Galdorisi – Red Team Lead • Red Team Introduction • Scenario Overview • Grant Begley – Blue Team Lead • Blue Team Introduction and Panel Comments • 2025 Framework Statements • Red Addresses Scenario Questions to Blue • Questions from the Audience • Wrap up

3. A Global Naval Force enabled by the Unmanned Imperative Cooperation and Engagement Irregular Warfare Regional Conflict Sophisticated Adversary MCO Traditional CSG/ESG Operations Core Capabilities Forward Presence Maritime Security Power Projection Humanitarian Assistance Sea Control Deterrence Permissive Contested Denied Environment Force Constructs Power Projection Maritime Security Cooperation Engagement Access Generation Traditional Manned Force Unmanned Imperative Capacity Capability Integrated Manned and Unmanned Force Homeland Defense In Depth A Naval Force Overcoming 21st Century Challenges

4. Threat Environments Defined • Permissive • Contested • Denied

5. Permissive • Many missions normally conducted under these conditions • Robust commercial communications and networking infrastructure normally exists • Forces able to network with freedom of action • Threats do exist… such as RF interception and viruses • Forces able to provide fully sufficient comms paths

6. Contested • Escalate… the environment becomes contested • Forces face more specific threats to networking, SATCOM and RF jamming • Forces can expect to leverage the military-specific infrastructure that exists including MILSATCOM, dedicated networks, encryption, and anti-jam capabilities • Forces begin to suffer from intermittent degradations to SATCOM & RF links • GPS signals interrupted momentarily, but there is no significant degradation to precision navigation • Despite the growing threat, Forces still able to provide at least one comms path for most information requirements

7. Denied • Further Escalation…the environment becomes denied • Forces lose both commercial and military-specific networking infrastructure due to adversary action • SATCOM links and GPS reception are lost…RF links are severely degraded • Forces unable to provide at least one comms path for most information requirements…and have lost GPS precision navigation capabilities How will the scenario play out with the use and introduction of unmanned systems and the integration with manned systems?

8. Returning to Today’s Event Red and Blue Team Expertise Domains • Maritime • Air • Ground • Space Representing • Industry • Academia • Military / Operators • Government

9. Red Team • George Galdorisi – Read Team Lead • Panel Members • Paul Eiff, Future Capabilities Lead, NAVAIR PMA 262 – BAMS • Torsten “Toast” Garber – NAWC AD, Pt. Mugu • Greg Loegering, NGC, Deputy PM BAMS • Rick Pawlowski – NWDC UxS Integration, Norfolk • Scenario 2025 Introduction

10. Scenario

11. Blue Team • Grant Begley – Blue Team Lead • Panel Members • CAPT Greg Maguire, JUAS COE Creech AFB • Dr. Ray Buettner, NPS SOCOM / Field TNT Experimentation • Don Parker, NGC, PM, AUV/UUV and Distributed Systems • Jeffrey Harrison, SSC PAC Intelligence and SPACE • 2025 Framework Statements

12. Blue Team 2025 Framework Statements • DoD Initiative to achieve “More Without More” was successful • Unmanned systems operations integrated into commercial space, freedom of navigation and airspace • Commercially fielded unmanned systems, in all operational domains, out-number fielded military unmanned systems • US DoD still world leader in unmanned systems investments (S&T, R&D, proc.) • Nx-Generation unmanned systems operational in all domains • Highly autonomous and interoperable unmanned and manned systems • Manned and unmanned platforms have greater capabilities and capacity • Manned/unmanned teaming enables highly effective synchronous and asynchronous operations worldwide • More unmanned platforms, fewer manned platforms fielded • Communications Architecture that enables: • Command-and-Control at machine speed and machine-to-machine speed • Man-on-the-loop and man-in-the-loop • Self healing • Layered Network that is not space dependent

13. U.S. Department of Defense Budget DoD Initiative “More Without More” Achieved

14. U.S. Department of Defense Def Sec Gates’ Achieved Budget Efficiencies Beyond 5-yrs More Unmanned Platforms and Fewer Manned Platforms in 2025

15. U.S. Department of Defense Budget Much More Than Hardware Science & Technology Design & Interface Supply Support • FY10 Conducting Performance Based Logistics (PBL) Business Case Analysis (BCA) • Combination of organic and contractor supply support • PBL opportunities based on commonality between platforms Support Equipment • Evaluating opportunities based on commonality of components& basing locations Manpower and Personnel • Operators to be capable of conducting operations with other services • Ability to perform mutually supportive maintenance based on service specific requirements and basing/maintenance locations Training and Training Support • Courseware • Devices (crew & operator) • Modeling and Simulation Computer Resources Support Technical Data • Configuration Management • Open Architecture Systems Integration • New Technology Insertion Packaging, Handling, Storage & Transportation (PHS&T) • Continue to assess based on commonality across the platforms Facilities • CONUS: • Evaluating potential for common maintenance hub • OCONUS: • EUCOM – • CENTCOM – • PACOM – • Maintenance Planning • Evaluating common I-Level and D-Level opportunities • Leveraging UAS PHM Computers & Semi-Conductors Enabled “More Without More”- not Platforms

16. DoD UAS Flight Hours(By Department, By Fiscal Year) As of December 31, 2010 Flight Hours Number of Fielded UAS and Flight Hours Continued Near-exponential Growth. Other Unmanned Systems Domains Experience Similar Growth.

17. Moore’s Law Moore’s Law Enables 2025 Highly Autonomous Unmanned Systems Only Imagined Possible During 2011

18. Metcalfe’s Law Metcalfe’s Law Enabled 2025 Layered Networks and Communications Architecture for Command and Control to Operate at Machine Speed and Machine-to-Machine Speed

19. DoD’s Current State Approach to Coordinated Operations Moore’s and Metcalfe’s Laws Enable DoD to Progress Beyond 2011 Stovepipe and Bandwidth Constrained Operations

20. Networked Battlespace Provide the Warfighter Higher Level of Interoperability and Capability Networked Battle Space of 2025, all Operational Domains, Manned and Unmanned, Command and Control at Machine Speed, Self Healing, Man-on-the-loop and not Space Dependent

21. Red and Blue

22. Scenario