Chapter 7, sec. 2

1. Chapter 7, sec. 2 By gabe and Alec

2. Bell Ringers • 1. Read the headings on pages 200-201.  Who becomes involved in the Americans’ revolt?  Why might other countries aid the Patriots? • 2. Now read the headings on pages 203-204.  Where does the fighting move?

3. Key terms • Ally: A state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose, typically by treaty. • Marquis de Lafayette: 19 year old French noblemen who volunteered to serve in Washington’s army. • Bayonet: long steel knifes attached to the ends of guns; soldiers would practice charging with them. • Desert: to leave military duty and intending not to return. • Privateer: a privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemies merchant ships. • James Forten: son of a free African-American sail maker. • John Paul Jones: won the most famous sea battle.

4. Help from Abroad. • 1. What role did Benjamin Franklin play in helping America win the Revolution? • Benjamin Franklin persuaded the French to be allies with the Americans. • 2. Why did France and Spain ally themselves with the United States? • French bitter over defeat by Britain; Lost its North American colonies. They wanted to get revenge on the British. • 3. How did America’s allies prevent Britain from focusing all its might on the Americans? • In 1781, General Bernando de Galvez and his army conquered Pensacola in West Florida. This prevented the British from attacking the United States from the southwestand forced british to attack his army.

5. Europeans Help Washington • 4. What were Lafayette’s early contributions? • He volunteered in Washingtons army and became very close to Washington. He also persuaded French King to send a 6000 man army to America. • 5. How did Barons de Kalb and von Steuben help General Washington? • Barons de Kalb became one of Washington’s Generals and earned a reputation for bravery. Von Steuben helped turn the inexperienced Americans into a skilled fighting force. Under Steuben’s direction, the soldiers practiced making charges with bayonets—long steel knives attached to the ends of guns.

6. Winter at Valley Forge. • 6. What kinds of help did the Americans need from their European allies? • They needed supplies, clothing, food, and medicine. • 7. What hardships did American troops endure during the winter at Valley Forge? • On the march to Valley Forge, Washington’s army was so short on supplies that many soldiers had only blankets to cover themselves. They also lacked shoes. Roughly a quarter of them died from malnutrition,exposure to the cold, or diseases such as smallpox and typhoid fever. • 8. How did private citizens help the revolutionary cause? • On New Year’s Day 1778, a group of Philadelphia women drove ten teams of oxen into camp. The oxen were pulling wagons loaded with supplies and 2,000 shirts. The women had the oxen killed to provide food for the men.

7. Winter at Valley Forge Pt 2 • 9. What are two different explanations for why American soldiers did not desert? • Some soldiers did desert,but Lieutenant Colonel John Brooks wrote that the army stayed together because of “Love of our Country.” The men also stayed because of Washington.

8. War on the frontier • 10. How did Clark justify his request for a command? •  “If a country is not worth protecting,” he said, “it is not worth claiming.” • 11. Why was Clark’s victory at Vincennes important to the revolutionary cause? • Clark’s victory gave the Americans a hold on the vast region between the Great Lakes and the Ohio River.This area was more than half the total size of the original 13 states.

9. War at Sea/ a naval hero • 12. Why did the colonists need to challenge Britain’s control of the seas? •   By 1777, Britain had about 100 warships off the American coast.This allowed Britain to control the Atlantic trade routes. • 13. What did privateers contribute to the war effort? • Disrupted enemy trade captured 100’s of British ships, and sold its cargo for profit. • 14. What effects did the victory of John Paul Jones have?Took out several British supply ships and two war ships. Jones’s success against the best navy in the world angered the British and inspired the Americans.

10. Thx 4 ing!!!