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Nuremberg Trials United Nations Cold War Beginnings

Nuremberg Trials United Nations Cold War Beginnings. Victory in Europe Victory in Japan. V-E Day April 30 1945- Hitler commits suicide during the battle of Berlin May 8 1945-Hitler’s replacement authorizes the unconditional surrender of the German army V-J Day

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Nuremberg Trials United Nations Cold War Beginnings

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  1. Nuremberg TrialsUnited NationsCold War Beginnings

  2. Victory in EuropeVictory in Japan • V-E Day • April 30 1945- Hitler commits suicide during the battle of Berlin • May 8 1945-Hitler’s replacement authorizes the unconditional surrender of the German army • V-J Day • September 2 1945- official ceremony performed signing the surrender

  3. Japanese representatives aboard the U.S.S. Missouri where the surrender took place

  4. Nuremberg Trials • Nazi officials are placed on trial for their role in the Holocaust • 24 men were placed on trial • Indicted for several reasons: • Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of a crime against peace • Planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace • War Crimes • Crimes against humanity • 7 men were sentenced to vary lengths of prison • 12 men were sentenced to death • 3 men were acquitted • 1 committed suicide before the trials began • 1 was tried in a separate trial, but deemed unfit for trial and died in prison

  5. Political Relations Following War • United States and Britain took control of West Berlin and West Germany • Russia took control of East Berlin and East Germany • The city of Berlin was located entirely in the Russian held East Germany • 3.5 million East German citizens emigrated to West Berlin and subsequently to West Germany • Negotiations began between Stalin and Truman about the reconstruction of Berlin and Germany

  6. Political Relation Following War • United States and Britain wanted to rebuild Berlin and Germany to allow for self-sustainment • Russia wanted to keep control of Germany and Berlin to keep any profit they might produce-which was very little • Russia wanted more territory and more communist subjects

  7. Blockade and Relief • As negotiations broke down Stalin ordered the blockade of the city of Berlin, stopping any supplies from coming into the city- June 1948-May 1945 • Britain and United States began a major effort of relief to the city • Berlin Airlift- British and U.S. planes flew supplies into the city

  8. Blockade and Relief • U.S. Air Force and British Royal Air Force flew 200,00 trips during the year of blockade • Brought 470 tons of supplies: food and fuel • Brought more supplies by air then by the previous railway method • Demonstrations took place against Stalin and he lifted the blockade • Cost: $2.9 billion in today’s money

  9. Operation Little Vittles • a goodwill gesture, he handed out his only two sticks of Wrigley's Doublemint Gum, and promised that, if they did not fight over them, the next time he returned he would drop off more. The children quickly divided up the pieces as best they could. Before he left them, a child asked him how they would know it was him flying over, and he replied, "I'll wiggle my wings."[46] • The next day, on his approach to Berlin, he rocked the aircraft and dropped some chocolate bars attached to a handkerchief parachute to the children waiting below. Every day after that the number of children increased and he made several more drops. Soon there was a stack of mail in Base Ops addressed to "Uncle Wiggly Wings", "The Chocolate Uncle" and "The Chocolate Flier". His commanding officer was upset when the story appeared in the news, but when Tunner heard about it he approved of the gesture and immediately expanded it into "Operation Little Vittles". Other pilots participated, and when news reached the US, children all over the country sent in their own candy to help out. Soon, the major manufacturers joined in. In the end, over three tons of candy were dropped on Berlin,[46] and the "operation" became a major propaganda success. The candy-dropping aircraft were christened "raisin bombers" by the German children

  10. Relations Crumble • To officially cut off access to West Berlin, Russian construction workers began building a wall • Construction of Berlin Wall Began on August 1961 • Wire fence (1961) • Improved wire fence (1962–1965) • Concrete wall (1965–1975) • Grenzmauer 75 (Border Wall 75) (1975–1989)

  11. Beginnings of Cold War • Warsaw Pact • Political and military alliance between 8 communist countries in Europe • Primarily a defense alliance • NATO Pact • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Political and military alliance of non-communist nations in Europe North America • Primarily a military defense alliance

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