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The War of 1812

The War of 1812. p . 211-215. Early War. After Napoleon’s army is defeated in Russia, British turn their efforts back to America. Early failures on battlefield for Americans: Detroit, Chicago: defeated by Native Tribes Naval failures: counterattacks by British. Any Success?.

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The War of 1812

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  1. The War of 1812 p. 211-215

  2. Early War • After Napoleon’s army is defeated in Russia, British turn their efforts back to America. • Early failures on battlefield for Americans: • Detroit, Chicago: defeated by Native Tribes • Naval failures: counterattacks by British

  3. Any Success? • Early success near Great Lakes • Took control of Lake Ontario, Lake Erie • Led to another invasion of Canada through Detroit • W. H. Harrison: led US to victory in a battle in which Tecumseh died • Led to a weakening of the Native Americans in the NW Territories

  4. Andrew Jackson • Battle of Horseshoe Bend: 1814 near FL border • Jackson and his men slaughtered men, women, and children of the Creek Tribe • Creeks ceded most of their land to the U.S. and moved west • Jackson became a major general in the U.S. Army

  5. Battles With British • August, 1814: British entered D.C. and set fire to several public buildings • White House included • Retaliation for U.S. burning of Canadian captial • Low point for U.S. in war • British moved toward Baltimore, but Americans held them off • Francis Scott Key: what did he do?

  6. Battle of New Orleans • Jackson vs British • January, 1815 • Americans BIG win! • British: 700 dead, 1,400 wounded, 500 imprisoned • Americans: 8 dead, 13 wounded

  7. The Problem: • THE PEACE TREATY HAD ALREADY BEEN SIGNED! • An unnecessary battle! • Andrew Jackson’s heroic status grows however…

  8. New England Opposition • Federalists opposed war • Actually celebrated British success in some cases • Daniel Webster: led the Federalist opposition • Talk of secession again in 1814-1815

  9. Hartford Convention • December 1814, New England states • Those who favored secession were the majority • 7 amendments proposed to protect N.E. from the influence of the south and west • Hartford Convention seemed irrelevant and in some cases, treasonable • Death of the Federalists!

  10. Treaty of Ghent • JQ Adams, Henry Clay, Albert Gallatin • Americans gave up demand for British renunciation of impressment • Gave up the cession of Canada to the U.S. • British gave up their desire to have an Indian buffer state in the Northwest • Signed in December, 1814 (BEFORE Battle of New Orleans!!)

  11. Rush-Bagot Agreement • Americans had right to trade freely with British • Mutual agreement in 1817 that provided for disarmament on the Great Lakes

  12. Indians • Treaty of Ghent required U.S. to restore the tribes the land seized by Americans • Never enforced • A major blow for Native Americans to retain territory • Tecumseh dead, British gone • Native Americans less able to defend their land than ever

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