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Covalent and Metallic Bonds Oxidation Numbers and Chemical Formulas

Covalent and Metallic Bonds Oxidation Numbers and Chemical Formulas. Sharing Electrons. Some atoms of nonmetals are unlikely to lose or gain electrons. For example, the elements in Group 4 of the periodic table have four electrons in their outer levels. This would take A LOT of energy!

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Covalent and Metallic Bonds Oxidation Numbers and Chemical Formulas

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  1. Covalent and Metallic BondsOxidation Numbers and Chemical Formulas

  2. Sharing Electrons • Some atoms of nonmetals are unlikely to lose or gain electrons. • For example, the elements in Group 4 of the periodic table have four electrons in their outer levels. • This would take A LOT of energy! • These atoms are more likely to share electrons.

  3. Covalent Bonds • The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons is known as a covalent bond. • A neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing is called a molecule.

  4. Metallic Bonds • Metallic bonds – occurs because electrons move freely among a metal’s positively charged ions • Allows metals to be good conductors

  5. Oxidation Numbers • You need to know which elements are involved and what number of electrons they lose, gain, or share in order to become stable. • The relationship between an element’s position on the periodic table and the number of electrons it gains or loses is called the oxidation number of an element.

  6. Oxidation Numbers and the Periodic Table

  7. Polyatomic Ions • Found together in a groups • Have one oxidation number for the whole group

  8. Predicting Bonds • In general, the closer together reacting elements are on the periodic table – the more likely a covalent bond rather than ionic bond. • Identify ionic or covalent: • Carbon and oxygen • Sodium and oxygen

  9. Predicting Chemical Formulas • Overall charge must be 0 (balance out oxidation numbers) • Predict: • Formula for compound of lithium and nitrogen • Formula for compound of calcium and chlorine • Formula of compound for calcium and chlorine

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