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European History of Adult Education

European History of Adult Education. Gábor Erdei Ph.D University of Debrecen. Content of the lecture – Milestones of Adult Education History in Europe. 1. Before the period of institualization 2. The period of industrial revolution and enlightment

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European History of Adult Education

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  1. European History of Adult Education Gábor Erdei Ph.D University of Debrecen

  2. Content of the lecture –Milestones of Adult Education History in Europe • 1. Before the period of institualization • 2. The period of industrialrevolution and enlightment • 3. Secondhalf of the 19. century • 4. Widening of adult learning activities • 5. Getting a placeamongst academic sciences • 6. „Economicparadigm” of adult education • 7. Lifelong learning paradigm

  3. 1. Before the period of institualization • Learning (also adult learning) as human activity is an immanens phenomena of human being • Human learning startedwhenhumans created the first human societies • The firstinstitutes which had beenerected for only adult edcuation and learning appears only in the 18. century

  4. 1. Before the period of institualization • Antiqueperiod: studycirles not only for kids and youngstersbut also for adults (e.g. Miletosphylosofical school) • EarlyMiddleAges (6.-9. centuries): churchdominance (benedictinemonks) • MatureMiddleAges (10.-13. centuries): otheractorsbesideschurch: universities, guldes, culture of knights

  5. 1. Before the period of institualization • Important changes in the societies of the Middleages: • Gutenberg invention • Protestantmovements • Humanism and rennisance

  6. 2. The period of industrialrevolution and enlightment • The process of the industrialrevolutionrequiredworkforce with basicskills • Workforce from agriculture sector, wherebasicskillswere not key or important factors • Sunday Schools and Mechanics’ Institutes in England in the late 18. and early 19. centuriesappear as the firstinstitutes of adult education and learning

  7. 2. The period of industrialrevolution and enlightment • The main objectives of Sunday Schools: reading, writing, arithmetic (3R) • 1820-1830 yrs: both Sunday Schools and trade unionsstarted to teach vocational knowledge besides the basicskills

  8. 2. The period of industrialrevolution and enlightment • Enligthement and liberalism created the new and modern European man • Responding to the challange of the newerathenewsocietyshould be enlighted • The only way is: education and learning, BUT not only in the age of childhoodbut also in the age of adulthood • N.F.S. Grundtvig (Danishminister and bishop): 1844. Rodding: folk-high school

  9. Secondhalf of the 19. century • The spreadover of the enligthment and the industrialrevolution of the biggest part of Europe strengthtened the role and position of adult education • Trade unions, politicalparties of socialdemocrats and large private companies played and important role in adult education: libraries for workers, studycircles, readingcircles, workers’ theatres

  10. Secondhalf of the 19. century • Betterjob and salaryconditions > more free time, leisuretime > sport activties and hobbies • Similar processes started in the pheseantsocieties

  11. 4. Widening of adult learning activties • The firsthalf of the 20. century was a flourishingperiod for adult education: the success of adult education and learning was based on more and more actors: large private companies, statecompanies and institutes (post, railway), trade unions, churhes, civil movements and organisations • There were a greatvariety of education and learning form of adult education (formal, non-formal, infomal)

  12. 4. Widening of adult learning activities • These flows of adult education and learning also showed a greatvariety of functions: • liberal adult education • humanist adult education • aufklerist adult education • pragmatist adult education

  13. 5. Getting a placeamongst academic sciences • After the 2nd World Wartherewere some new and important developments • 1949: UNESCO conference in Denmark • 1951: P. Hanselmann: Andragogik • 1950s: adult education appears in higher education > establishingbrandnewdepartments with the name of andragogy, adult edcuation, public education

  14. 5. Getting a placeamongst academic sciences • Many civil organisations had been created with the purpose of adult education, community education etc. • Scientificjournals had beenestablished • More and more researches has initiated • However, the scientific background of adult education remains very diverse

  15. 5. „Economicparadigm” of adult education • Until the 1970s adult education and learning remaineddiverse as objectives, functions, forms and institutesconcern • The oilcrisis and the aftermath of itcaused the „economicpradigm” in adult education and adult learning • From thisperiod adult education and learning has beenfocusing on mainly for the realm of work and workplace

  16. 6. Lifelong learning paradigm • Lifelong learning has developed as a process • Formulatedduring the 1960s and 1970s, first as lifelong education, later (1990s) lifelong learning • Paradigm or policy? • Adult education is the catalyzator of LLL • Adult education and learning: need or opportunity?

  17. Thank you for your attention! erg@tigris.unideb.hu

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