INAR 122 HUMAN FACTORS

1. INAR 122HUMAN FACTORS KITCHENS

2. KITCHENS • A kitchen, is a room or part of a room used for food preparation including cooking, and sometimes also for eating and entertaining guests, if the kitchen is large enough and designed to be used that way.

3. A kitchen is used for the storage and preparation of foods and contains the following equipment: • sink or other device for dishwashing, • stove or other device for cooking, • refrigerator or other device for cold storage of food, • cabinets or shelves for storage of equipment and utensils, and • counter or table for food preparation.

4. Although the main function of a kitchen is supposed to be cooking or preparing food, the kitchen can be the center of other activities as well. • If,the home does not have a laundry room, but instead has a washing machine and possibly a dryer in a closet in the kitchen, then washing and drying laundry may also be done in the same room.

5. The kitchen may be the place where the family eats, provided it is large enough and has a table and chairs. Sometimes, the kitchen is the most comforting room in a house, in this respect a large modern kitchen is still the psychological • "hearth" of the home.

6. Kitchen Design • The height of a kitchen workcounter, the proper clearance between cabinets or appliances for circulation, the accessibility to overhead or undercounter storage, and proper visibility are among the primary considerations in the design of cooking spaces. • All must be responsive to human dimension and body size if the quality of interface between the user and the components of the interior space are to be adequate.

7. The golden triangle • There are many variations of the 'golden triangle' principle of kitchen design, but the main principle is that • the most used equipment and work areas should be grouped together to allow the user to operate effectively and efficiently while cooking. • The problem with the triangle theory is that individuals rank their most used equipment differently. Some would choose the cooker, refrigerator and sink, others might add a dishwasher or microwave as their most used items. • It's unlikely that the plumbing for a sink or dishwasher could be altered easily, so these items should anchor the 'triangle'.

8. Working triangle • The concept of “work triangle” was developed in the 1950’s and researchers developed the “kitchen triangle” from this point.

9. Ergonomic planning in the kitchen is based around three main activity points: • 1. Sink • 2. Fridge • 3. Cooking area • These areas make up what is known as the “working triangle” since together, these points create a triangle of activity. The idea is that the distance between these major areas should not be too great for reasons of convenience and safety. (Mutfakta çalışma alanını merkezi hale getirip daha az hareketle daha çok alana ulaşabilmeyi sağlamak için yapılan düzenlemeye “mutfak üçgeni” denir.) • Solutions include placing: • the refrigerator within reach of a worktop and, • placing the dishwasher close to the sink. • Similarly, counters and cabinets need to be at the right height and usable by right- and left-handed cooks. Heavy pots should be stored in a place that’s easily accessible, while small appliances should be at the correct height. These details are engineered to protect your back from injury.

10. The Kitchen Triangle • The kitchen triangle is a design concept where the fridge, stove and sink are aligned in a triangle. This allows for the preparation area to never be far from the washing area and cooking surfaces making all components of the kitchen easily accessible. • Used properly, it is possible to not take more than a step, or a few, at any point, not to change a person’s location or use a different appliance in the workspace. • Appliances should not be spaced too close together. • By doing so the appliance doors may not be able to open properly. This can also dramatically reduce the counter space.

11. x > 120 cm x < 270 cm Max. 790cm • The triangle should total not more than 790 cm, with no single leg being shorter than 120 cm or longer than 270 cm.

12. Types of Kitchen Layouts • Each kitchen is designed through the use of a standard layout. These layouts have been around for decades and were designed to fit particular spaces. These are namely: • Single line, • Galley / Corridor, • L-shaped, • U-shaped, • Peninsula,and • Island

13. Today most homes are designed similarly and these layouts continue to be used in today's kitchen designs. Of course if space and money is no object, any design can be achieved!

14. L - shaped U - shaped Corridor /Galley Peninsula

15. Galley / Corridor Kitchen • The Galley design or Corridor kitchen is common in many apartments and open concept layouts.

16. Considerations: Space is limited so counter space should be optimized or consolidated. Appliance location is important. When opened, appliances should not block any exits or not be able to open fully because of cabinetry. Pull out wall cabinets should be used to conserve space. Space economy should be achieved with floor and wall cabinetry and overhead microwaves should be planned or the new models that pull out like drawers should be looked for. Galley / Corridor

17. For a galley kitchen layout, ensure that there is at least 120 cm between the two facing rows of cabinets – so you have room to prepare food. Galley Row Measurement

18. In a single line kitchen, the working triangle stretches into a straight line. It can cause the longest journey distances between the chief activity areas. Situating the sink in the middle of the line can help reduce these journeys. Single line / Wall

19. L Shaped Kitchen • L Shaped kitchen designs are great for small spaces and open concept rooms. This design locates all appliances and counter space along two walls in the corner of the kitchen space at approximately a 90 degree angle. An L shaped kitchen design allows for a compact workspace while freeing up much needed space for a dining area or storage.

20. The L-shaped kitchen is a very popular layout – ideal for a family kitchen or for entertaining guests as it its layout can easily accomodate dining and living areas in the same room. The hob, fridge and sink should ideally be separated by a length of worktop for preparation. L-shaped

22. U Shape Kitchen • A U-shaped kitchen design usually has one entrance and all counter space and appliances are built into a U shape. U-shape kitchens are often designed with a view through wall or opening between rooms. This effect is great for small spaces such as condominiums or apartments as it will open up your kitchen to the rest of your home. If you are planning a U-shaped kitchen design where an opening exists in a wall, be aware to not sacrifice cupboard space and electrical outlets when taking that wall out. If you are unsure whether this wall is a retaining wall refer to your buildings designs or better yet seek professional advice.

23. U-shaped

24. Island Kitchen • Island Kitchen designs take the L shaped kitchen design to a new level. By adding an island to an existing L shaped layout, you can effectively create a kitchen triangle concept while not taking away from the open concept so popular with today's modern kitchen planning. Island Kitchens are very trendy right now and are great for entertaining guests.

25. You can use your island as a feature point to your room, as an eating/ bar area or as a cooking area. The Island kitchen design gives you great freedoms to express your own individuality in your home. A properly placed island in a U-shaped kitchen can help in creating more counter space, a unique cooking area or innovative dining option. An island does not have to be a static piece either. There are many floating islands available today on wheels so that they can be anywhere you want them to be! Floating islands are a great option if more storage and space is needed. Consider the island design if your space can accommodate one.

26. If you have a lot of space, consider a single-line kitchen with an island unit. This provides an optimal arrangement for the working triangle as everything is easily reached. The whole kitchen can feel very open and perfect if you plan to do some entertaining. Single line + island

29. Universal Kitchen • Universally designed kitchens are the most functional ones, but require quite the advanced planning. The premise of these kitchens is ease of use by taking all human qualities such as size, age, and health into perspective when designing a kitchen. A universal kitchen should allow for any user to easily work in the environment around them. Accessibility, location of appliances, handles for the elderly or handicapped, easily opened doors, adequate lighting, error free planning and the ability to function under any circumstance are the paramount features to a universally designed kitchen. This is a great design choice if you live with a disability or entertain often and have multiple users, such as in a rental property or shared kitchen.

30. Here a minimum of 45 cm from the cooktop to a wall or fridge panel is recommended, for hot pans to be safely rested down. Room For The Range Measurement

31. If possible, allow a width of at least 60 cm of countertop space between the cooktop and sink – for food preparation, and for resting the hot pans Between Range And Sink Measurement

32. It is recommended that you allow 60 cm or more in height between your cooktop and extractor fan (with gas needing more space than electricity). See the manufacturers specifications of your extractor fan to be sure. Extractor Fan Measurement

33. If you want a dishwasher, the best location for it is right next to the sink.This makes installation simpler, and perfectionists can satisfy thier urge to pre-rinse their mucky dinner plates. Dishwasher and Sink

34. Oven Eye Level

35. Filler Piece

36. Heights and depths • Counter height should be between 76 – 86cm. • The depth of the counter should be min. 60 cm. • Counter height with sink should be between 92 – 107 cm • For a comforable use of appliances and furniture, working surface should be 120 cm long.

37. Heights and depths • Lower cabinets: forbig and heavy or less used kitchen utensils. HXWXD:85 x 20-60 x 60 • Upper cabinets: Should not be too deep so that the space beneath can be used with ease. HXWXD:35 x 20-120 x 35 • High and side cabinets: For refrigerator, stove or oven to be placed between them,cabinets for cleaning,broom or pantry should be accessible. HXWXD:203 x 45-60 x 40-60

38. Spacing for furniture and Appliances • Cooking area: 60 cm. • Washing area: two sinks + rinsing area: 150 cm. • Oven, stove, refrigerator: 60 cm for each. • Lower cabinet, preparation area, and stacking area for plates, ladels, small appliances and utensils : 200 cm.

39. Minimum dimensions for circulation in the kitchen • Distance between 2 work surfaces: 120 cm. • Clearance to bend and pick something from the oven: 135 cm. • Clearance between table and wall: 60-100 cm • Space for drawers and cabinets: 40 cm.

40. Mechanical ventilation above the stove should be: 90 cm. • For ease of use with electrical utilities, there should be a sufficient amount of secure power sockets. • Another method that enhances comfortable use of the kitchen is to place stacking area (istif yeri), oven, preparation area, washing area, drying area from right to left. The dishwasher should be placed to the right or left of the sink.

41. Round tables are more convenient, dining table with right angles take less space. There should be a space around 20 cm at the center of the table for pots and crockery. There shouldnt be any glare on the eating surface. Distance between the table surface and lights should not be less than 60 cm. The area necessary for 1 person to eat comfortably is: 60 x 40 cm. Dining tables

45. Designers Melanie Olle and Ilja Oelschlagel's Grandma's Kitchen concept is a compact unit that unravels to offer a plethora of functions. The seemingly flat, elevation-like panel folds, extends and opens to reveal a functional kitchen and dining area complete with dishwasher, chopping area, oven, refrigerator, table, chairs, and lamp.

49. Kitchen Lighting • Kitchen lighting is an important part of any kitchen design. In order to be effective in the kitchen, you need to be able to see well. Though the need for lighting in this area is obvious, choosing the right lighting can be very confusing for many. • Does the kitchen get any natural light? Does it catch morning, afternoon or evening sun? Are there shadows cast? If there is no natural light how is light brought to the work space? What type of lighting fixtures will be used and what type of bulb will they require? • Consider using under cabinet or inset lighting for countertops. Pot and recessed lighting can create a soft light and combined with dimmers will provide adequate task lighting and fantastic ambiance. Xenon lighting is replacing halogens as a softer alternative to help eliminate the shadow effect traditionally cast by halogen bulbs.

50. When it comes to kitchen lighting, the most common mistake is trying to light the entire room with one ceiling-mounted fixture. The result ends up being a "glare bomb," which visually overpowers everything in the space. • No single light source can provide all the necessary light for a kitchen. A well-lit kitchen layers and blends four different types of light.