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Comprehensive Overview of Skull Classifications and Cranium Imaging Techniques

This chapter delves into the intricate classifications of the skull, detailing average, long, and short types. It explores topographical landmarks including the inter-eyebrow line, eye canthi, and the mandible's lower point. The text further explains critical skull lines such as the Glabella to EAM and the Infraorbital Margin to EAM. Additionally, it outlines essential imaging techniques for cranium assessment including PA Caldwell, AP Towne, and lateral views, with a focus on positioning, angles, and ensuring proper alignment for optimal imaging outcomes.

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Comprehensive Overview of Skull Classifications and Cranium Imaging Techniques

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  1. Chapter 11 Cranium Part 2

  2. Skull Classifications • _______________ • Average • ______________ • Long • ______________ • Short

  3. Topographical Landmarks • ______________ • Between eyebrows • _____________ line • Line connecting outer points (canthi) of the eyes • ______________ • Depression at bridge of nose

  4. Landmarks • ______________ • Area of upper lip and nasal septum • _______________ • Point of lower posterior mandible • _______________ • Tip of chin

  5. Ear Landmarks • ______________ (Pinna) • Large flap of ear • ______________ • Small flap anterior to EAM • ______________attachment (TEA) • Top of ear where glasses sit

  6. Eye Landmarks • _______________ • Points of outer and inner eye • _____________ margin • Superior ridge of eye • ____________margin • Inferior ridge of eye

  7. Skull Lines • _______________(GML) • Glabella to EAM • _______________ (OML) • Outer canthus to EAM • ________________ (IOML) • Infraorbital margin to EAM

  8. Skull Lines • _______________(AML) • Acanthion to EAM • ______________(LML) • Closed lips to EAM • _____________(MML) • Mental point to EAM

  9. Watch out in skull imaging • Watch positioning lines • No __________ • No ___________ • Pt condition • ___________________

  10. Imaging the Cranium Routine • PA Caldwell • AP Towne • Rt/Lt Lateral • Submentovertex (SMV) • 70-80-kV • 40”SID

  11. PA Caldwell • Pt Prone (Upright or Recumbent) • _____________to bucky • No Rotation or Tilt • ___________angle • CR to exit ___________

  12. PA Caldwell • Petrous ridges should be in __________of orbits • Lateral orbital margins ____________ from lateral cranium

  13. PA • Same positioning • ____________angle • Petrous ridges will be _________and orbits will be __________ shaped.

  14. AP Towne • Pt Supine (Upright or Recumbent) • ____ Perpendicular or ____ perpendicular • ______angle for OML or _______for IOML • CR to enter EAM line. _________glabella

  15. AP Towne • ___________equidistance to lateral skull margin. • ______________in foramen magnum

  16. Rt/Lt Lateral • Pt in ______________with head turned in lateral • ______________ line perpendicular • ___________ perpendicular to front edge of cassette • CR directed ___________to EAM

  17. Lateral • Rotation – ______________separation of bilateral structures • EAM • Sphenoid greater wings • Tilt – ____________separation • EAM • Orbital Plates

  18. Submentovertex (SMV) • Various ways to get position • _________________to cassette • _____________________midway between gonion exits vertex

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