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rna

rna. Three types of RNA: Messenger RNA ( mRNA ) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA ) Transfer RNA ( tRNA ). Three types of RNA: Messenger RNA ( mRNA ) An RNA molecule that carries copies instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell. Codons

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rna

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  1. rna

  2. Three types of RNA: • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  3. Three types of RNA: • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • An RNA molecule that carries copies instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.

  4. Codons • three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA (mRNA) that codes for a single amino acid.

  5. Three types of RNA: • 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • An RNA molecule that makes up part of the ribosome. It is a key player in the translation process. Proteins Ribosome Ribosomal RNA

  6. Three types of RNA: • 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Brings an anticodon, which is complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand. Amino Acid Anticodon

  7. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  8. Protein Synthesis • Cellular process in which proteins are made • Two steps • Transcription (in the nucleus) • (DNA to mRNA) • Translation (in the cytoplasm) • (mRNA to proteins)

  9. Transcription • Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA • RNA polymerase binds to DNA in nucleus and separates the strands • RNA polymerase then reads the DNA template and assembles an RNA strand • DNA zips back up, mRNA formed.

  10. Transcription (In Nucleus)

  11. Transcription Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) Nuclear Envelope RNApolymerase DNA RNA

  12. Translation (in Cytoplasm) Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (of amino acids) • mRNA leaves Nucleus and enter cytoplasm • mRNA attaches to rRNA • rRNA decodes the codons by matching it to the anticodon on the tRNA • The amino acids on the tRNA are bonded together and released • A protein is formed

  13. Translation (in cytoplasm)

  14. Overview

  15. Overview

  16. Decoding into Amino Acids Special Codons • Based on the mRNA codons • Start Codon (1) • Methionine • AUG • Stop Codons (3) • UCG • UAG • UGA

  17. TheGeneticCode • If we had this mRNA sequence: • UCGCACGGU • The sequence would be read three bases at a time as: • UCG – CAC – GGU • The codons represent the different amino acids: • Serine-Histidine-Glycine

  18. TheCodonWheel

  19. TheCodonChart

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