1. Vocational Education For Social Inclusion Gad Yair The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

2. Where do we Stand? The Rise and Fall of Vocational Education 1970s: A Hierarchical System of Vocational Schools – from Elite High-Tech and Bio-Tech Schools to Low Skilled Schools 1990s: An assessment that student distribution matches socio-economic differentials 2000s: High Cost of VET Schools, leading to shutdowns Now: Negative meaning of VET

3. Vocational Students by Year (Based on data published by CBS) Vocational Classes by Year

4. Positive Effects

5. Safety-net and Hierarchy We find that in most countries secondary vocational education reduced the odds of unemployment, and the chances of someone entering the labor force as an unskilled worker. The advantages associated with vocational education are most pronounced in countries where vocational secondary education is specific rather than general. Third, graduates of vocational secondary education attain lower occupational prestige than that attained by graduates of academic tertiary education. This disadvantage of vocational education is most pronounced in countries where vocational education also serves as an effective safety net. This is an important finding because it means that 'diversion' and 'safety net' effects are not mutually exclusive but are the flip side of the same coin.

6. The National Discussion: Not Everybody can Succeed in Academic High Schools Less than 50% of Cohort holds Matriculation Only 30% have access to HE . The New Call for VET Recent government change has intensified national discussions about vocational education. Thinking anew about the split between the ministries of Education and Economics, with more recognition for VET.

7. The Dilemmas Replace the text on any of these books by clicking on the text and inserting your own. Job Availability Flexible Program Company Involvement Religion Army Service Teacher Preparation Parent Support Gender History