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Understanding Nearest Neighbour Index in Settlement Geography

The Nearest Neighbour Index (NNI) is a vital tool in geography for measuring the spatial distribution of settlements. It helps identify patterns such as clustered, regular, or random distributions by assessing the average distance between points (settlements) and their nearest neighbouring points. The NNI is calculated using a specific formula accounting for the number of points (settlements) and the studied area. This method provides insights into land use, planning, and environmental considerations, while also recognizing drawbacks like the "straight line assumption" in varied terrains.

miranda-tyler
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Understanding Nearest Neighbour Index in Settlement Geography

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  1. Nearest Neighbour Index Geography Settlement

  2. What is it? X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rn=2.15 Rn=0.0 Rn=1.0 X X X X X Linear Clustering (nucleated) random regluar-uniform ______________________________________________ tendency towards clustering tendency towards regularirty Rn=0.0 Rn=1.0 Rn=2.15 Indicates spatial distribution of area-from average distance between each point and nearest neighbour 3 types of pattern: Regular Clustered Random

  3. Formula _ _ • Rn=2D (N) A • D: average distance between each point & its nearest neighbour [d=each individual distance] (take all the distances between the points and find the mean) • N: number of studied points • A: size of the studied area (total area)

  4. Example 1-flat land

  5. Example 1-flat land _ Total distance=25.7 Area= 100km2 # of villages=12 Rn=2D (N/A) 2D :25.7/12=2.14*2=4.28 Rn=4.28(12/100) =1.48 regular A lot of free land on flat plains

  6. Example 2-hilly land

  7. Example 2-hilly land Total distance(average)= Area= 100km2 # of villages=23 Rn=0.536

  8. Drawbacks ‘straight line assumption’: on a map the distances through mountains not considered Where do you measure from? How do you determine the centre of the settlement exactly? Measure distance by road/straight line? What settlements to include? Size limit? Controlling factors e.g. Soil type, relief

  9. Practical use? Comparison of distributions-quantifiable measure of a distribution pattern

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