5 th Period 2012

1. 5th Period 2012 New Movements and Technologies Student Presentations

2. THE INDUSTREAL REVOLUTION Collin Duggan & Will Summerall

3. What Was the Industrial Revolution? • It was a period of rapid growth with breakthroughs in water powered machines and high production. • Hand powered machines were not efficient enough to fill large orders so a man named Richard Arkwright came up with a revolutionary idea • His design would allow 1 machine to do the work of 50 people

4. The Idea • He created a wheel with boards of wood that would catch the water and turn a master axle called a vertical shaft, this puts the whole operation in motion. One of these water wheel inventions could power an entire textile mill.

5. Water Power Textile Mill

6. Labor Unions

7. Labor Unions • Labor Unions- Groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions.

8. Labor Unions problems • Working late • Child labor • Safety

9. Strikes • Strikes are workers on strike that refuse to work until employers meet their demands • Most early strikes weren't successful. • A lot of workers where on strike for the late hours they had to work and safety and wages.

10. President Martin Van Buren • He granted a 10 hour work day in 1840 for many federal employees • Men and women worked 12 to 14 hours per day, six days per week.

11. Mr. Benson SAFETY !!!!!!!!!!!! HOURS!!!!!!! WAGES!!!!! Meow :3

12. Steamboat Justin Pfister Jack McNinch

13. Steamboat • Steamboats made traveling up river and across the ocean very easy. • The steamboat had increased trade and profits. • The consumers would get there goods faster and more cheaper. • There were about 500 steamboats in the US by 1840. • In the 1850’s, the steamboats were being used for trade and for transporting people across the Atlantic Ocean.

14. Robert Fulton • In 1803 Robert Fulton tested his first steamboat in France. • Later, Robert tested his first full sized steamboat called the Clermont. • The Clermont could travel up current of the Hudson River with ease. • Fulton had designed the first steamboat warship. • He also designed the first submarine, called Nautilus.

15. Clermont • While the Clermont, as his new steamboat was named, was under construction, Fulton publicly demonstrated in the presence of naval experts the effectiveness of his torpedo invention by blowing up a brig in New York harbor, July 20, 1807. • The Clermont was built by Charles Brown, a well-known New York ship-builder. • It was 133 feet long, seven feet deep, and eighteen feet broad, and was decked over for a short distance at bow and stern. • Under Fulton's immediate direction the Watt steam-engine was placed in the forward part of the boat and left open to view. Back of it was installed the twenty-foot boiler set in brick-work and housed over. • Two side paddle-wheels, fifteen feet in diameter, propelled the boat. • On Aug. 17, 1807, the Clermont began her memorable voyage up the Hudson to Albany and return. The elapsed time for the round trip was five days, but the Clermont was actually under way only sixty-two hours, the speed attained having been close to five miles an hour.

17. Steamboats By: Nicole Hogan Lourdes Costanzo

18. The Steamboat • Transportation Revolution: a period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation • In 1803, Robert Fulton invented the first full sized commercial steamboat; The Clemont • In 1807 the Clemont traveled against the current up the Hudson river • Increased trade and profits because goods could be moved quicker and was cheaper to transport goods

19. The Steamboat • John Rumsey and John Fitch worked with steamboat ideas • 1780’s that were used for entrepreneurs who could move goods up and down • The Hudson, Connecticut, and Providence river Boats were soon “plying” there way through • Steemwheeler was the first steamboat on western waters, this boat was 116-foot

21. Alyssa

22. Cotton Gin • Karly Farrell • Hannah “the” Wolf(enson)

23. Before Cotton Gin • Cotton gin- a machine that removes seeds from short-staple cotton • Each ball of cotton fiber had numerous seeds embedded in the cotton, and they had to be either picked out by hand or run through a roller gin • The first cotton gin had been in use since its unknown early origins—possibly the twelfth century—in India and China and was imported by British colonists to North America • Eli Whitney, the inventor of the new cotton gin, got the idea for the cotton gin from a Georgia plantation that had a similar machine but it did not work very well • Planters (large-scale farmers who held more than 20 slaves) built cotton gins that could process tons of cotton much faster than hand processing

24. Cotton Gin • Eli Whitney in 1793 created a working model of a hand-cranked mechanical device that used a rotating, wire-toothed cylinder to remove cotton seeds • He wanted to keep this device a secret • As the fibers passed through the metal teeth, the teeth caught and removed the seeds • But the design had some issues like the wire teeth occasionally broke off and became entangled in the cotton • Unfortunately, Whitney was unable to produce enough machines to meet the people’s demand • When people found out about Whitney's design, manufacturers throughout the nation seized the opportunity to enrich themselves by producing cotton gins • Several gin manufacturers improved the design, replacing the breakable wire teeth with sections of fine-toothed saw blade, creating the so-called saw gin

25. Nativist Movement Jason Yakimiv Aaron Knotts

27. Nativist Movement • Americans and others who opposed immigration were called nativist. • “Nativist movements" or sometimes "revitalization" movements. These movements consist of people who feel they are being oppressed by a foreign colonizing government that is destroying their traditional way of life and is removing them from their land.

28. Nativist Movement • In 1840s and 1850s some nativists became politically active. • Yet a great deal of native-born Americans feared losing their jobs to immigrants who might work for lower wages. Some felt implicitly threatened by the new immigrants cultures and religions. While many immigrants went to the Midwest to get farmland, other immigrants filled the need for cheap labor in towns and cities.

30. Nativists Movement • In 1849 nativists founded a political organization, the Know-Nothing Party, that supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens or hold office. • They also wanted to require immigrants to live in the United States for 21 years before becoming citizens. • City jobs drew immigrants from many nations as well as migrants from rural parts of US.

31. Sources • http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=WHIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3424502234&mode=view • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_fPo-m6G36C8/Rn6foh9m6RI/AAAAAAAAAgg/MDtbW-grj8A/s400/know%2Bnothing%2Bflag.jpg • http://apush-wiki-marlborough-school.wikispaces.com/file/view/anti-immigrant-cartoon-1896.jpg/70230163/anti-immigrant-cartoon-1896.jpg

32. Temperance By: Jarod Smith Ray Kearney

33. Beginning of social reforming movement • The group that was against alcohol was called, Social Reforming Movement or SRM. • Countless Americans thought that Alcohol abuse caused family violence and criminal behavior. • Americans worries about the effects of alcohol led to growth of temperance movement. • Complained that America drank too much in the 1830s. • 8 gallons of alcohol was consumed per person in 1830

34. Fall of Social reforming movement • In 1835 the SRM claimed more than 1.5 million members in 8 thousand locations • By 1836 SRM lost most of their wealthy supporters in south America.

36. Temperance Movement By: Alyssa Thorpe and Marissa Sharp

37. Temperance • An average American can consume 7 gallons of alcohol per year in the 1830’s. • Americans thought alcohol abuse caused -social problems -family violence -poverty -criminal behavior • The temperance movement blossomed nationally over the next decade, with the creation of the American Temperance Society in 1826.

38. Temperance • This reform effort urged people to use self-discipline to stop drinking hard liquor. • They asked people to limit themselves to beer and wine in small amounts. • Minister Lyman Beecher spoke widely about evils of alcohol. • He claimed people who drank alcohol “neglecting the education of their families and corrupting their morals.”

41. Prison Reform Erin Burke & Leah Hess

42. Life in the Prisons Prisoners were left in dark cells with no clothes or heat and were chained to walls and beaten. The prison also held runaway children and orphans Some children survived by begging or stealing, they also got the same punishment as adults criminals Mentally ill patients were locked up and treated like animals

43. Dorothea Dix Middle class reformer who visited prisons throughout Massachusetts starting in 1841. Reported that mentally ill people frequently were jailed criminals. Dix spoke of what she saw to the state legislature. Because of what she had reported the government built faculties for the ill.

44. Prison Reform By: Randy Keetley & Taylor Thorpe

46. Dorothea Dix • Dorothea Dix was a middle class reformer who visited prisons throughout Massachusetts at the beginning of 1841. • Dorothea Dix spoke about what she saw to the legislator about mentally ill people getting ill a lot and being sent to jail, they were put in cells without clothes and heat also they were beaten. • Josiah Quincy asked the young offenders to receive different punishments than the adults.

48. Changing rules for some prisoners • Removed mentally ill people from prison to a facility for mentally ill people. • Removed runaway children from prison to a reform school where they were trained useful skills for life. • One hundred hospitals were built for mentally ill people with professional care.

49. American Anti-Slavery Society By Brandon .L and Andrew .R

50. American Anti-Slavery Society • Abolition- the legal prohibition and ending of slavery, especially of slavery of blacks in the U.S.