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Establishment • Genghis Khan moved his troops into the quasi-Chinese Chin-ruled north China in 1211, and in 1215 they destroyed the capital city. HissonOgodei conquered all of North China by 1234 and ruled it from 1229 to 1241. Genghis Khan's grandson, Kublai Khan, defeated the Chinese Southern Song in 1279, and for the first time all of China was under foreign rule. • In 1271 Kublai Khan named his dynasty Yuan which means "origin of the universe." The Yuan dynasty in China lasted from 1279 to 1368. Kublai Khan followed a tentative policy of sinicization, that is, he adapted to the Chinese way of governing and when you look at his portrait, he looks very much like other Chinese rulers.
Kublai Khan • From an early age, Kublai proved adept at traditional Mongol pursuits. At nine, he had his first recorded hunting success, bringing down an antelope and a rabbit. He would relish the hunt for the rest of his life - and would also excel at conquest, the other Mongolian sport of the day. • A New Emperor • Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis, becomes great khan in 1260. • Kublai conquers China by 1279.
Genghis Khan • Records of the Great Khan's early life are sparse and contradictory. He was likely born in 1162, though some sources give it as 1155 or 1165. • We know that the boy was given the name Temujin. His father Yesukhei was the chief of the minor Borijin clan of nomadic Mongols, who lived by hunting rather than herding.
Batu Khan • The Mongolian military leader Batu Khan (died 1255) conquered Russia and the adjoining territories of eastern Europe and organized the Mongol state known as the Golden Horde. • Batu was a grandson of Genghis Khan, the conqueror of Asia and founder of the Mongol Empire. Batu early showed a talent for military and administrative affairs and distinguished himself in the service of his father, Juchi, who had been entrusted with the administration and expansion of the western section of the empire, then comprising the territory of central Asia and western Siberia. • Following Juchi's death in 1227, this task fell to Batu.
Achievements of the Mongols The Mongol Empire is often stereotyped as ruthless and brutal and nothing else. But, you also have to remember that most of the historical accounts that we have of the Mongols are from the places that they attacked; so you have to remember to look at the point of view. But, the Mongols were so much more important and have a much bigger impact than just their amazing fighting style! 1. Mongol domination ensured the diffusion of Chinese technology.2. The Mongols constructed roads that united Europe and Asia.3. Mongol Khans funded advances in medicine and astronomy.4. They spread the culture and innovations of the places that they conquered.5. They united the areas along the Silk Road and ensured protection along the Silk Road to encourage trade and travel.6. The Mongols successfully established and maintained the largest empire in history.7. They permitted European merchants and craftsmen to travel and trade in China.
Decline of the Mongols • The Mongol Empire did not last long, because it was too big and had no unity of culture. Actually, it began to disintegrate shortly after it reached its peak of expansion in the late 1200's. The rulership of the empire was based on the wealth rought in by conquest, without new conquest the alliance could not be kept together and broke into parts. Each part was a long managed section of the former empire. Thus even though the Chinese section was quite wealthy, it was not economically. The Mongols were dauntless fighters, but had little experience in administration. They relied upon other peoples to look after their affairs. They brought foreigners into China to avoid total reliance on the Chinese. The Mongols temporarily suspended the Chinese civil service system to allow these other peoples to assume positions.
Mongol empire in 122 7 Buyantu Khan
