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Food Irradiation

Food Irradiation . Anuradha Prakash Chapman University. Plant Breeding. Pathogen Reduction. Sterile Insect Technology. Sprout Inhibition. Insect Disinfestation. Shelf-life Extension. Direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation.

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Food Irradiation

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  1. Food Irradiation Anuradha Prakash Chapman University

  2. Plant Breeding Pathogen Reduction Sterile Insect Technology Sprout Inhibition Insect Disinfestation Shelf-life Extension

  3. Direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation http://www.mapfre.com/fundacion/html/revistas/seguridad/n134/en/article2.html

  4. Effects on food components • Water: solvated electrons, hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl radicals • Proteins: peptide radicals leading to fragmentation and re-aggregation, limited denaturation • Carbohydrates: depolymerization of chains • Lipids: autoxidation https://www.ceessentials.net/article3.html

  5. Susceptibility Mammals > Insects > Single Celled Organisms > Viruses www.radiation-scott.org/radsource/4341-3.gif www.molecularexpressions.com

  6. Effect on quality • Cold treatment • Dependent on • Dose • Food • Microbial load • Temperature • Storage conditions • Packaging

  7. Sweet cherries, Day 27 Irradiation Control MAP IMAP MBMAP MB

  8. Navel oranges following 28-day commercial storage or 3°C commercial storage stored at 3 C Control 0.2KGy 0.4KGy 0.6KGy

  9. Food Uses

  10. Food technologies used by volume (Mt x 10^3) E. Bustos-Griffin et al., 2015, International Journal of Food Science and Technology

  11. % irradiated food (volume) Kume and Todoriki, 2013, Radioisotopes

  12. Distribution by region Kume and Todoriki, 2013, Radioisotopes

  13. Irradiated foods in Asia Kume and Todoriki, 2013, Radioisotopes

  14. Food SafetyShelf-life extension • Spices and seasonings • Ground beef • Noodles • Fermented spicy chicken feet / wings • Frog legs • Dog treats • NASA meals • Immunocompromised meals

  15. Elimination of Plant Pests International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures ISPM 18 (2003): GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF IRRADIATION AS A PHYTOSANITARY MEASURE ISPM 28 (2007): PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS FOR REGULATED PESTS

  16. Irradiation as a Phytosanitary Treatment • Commodity non-specific • Wider range of pests covered • Pest mortality not necessary • Relatively less toxic to commodity • Environmentally friendly

  17. Commercial scale phytosanitary irradiation (US imports) • Hawaii: star fruit, papaya, sweet potato • Thailand: mangosteen, lychee, rambutan • Australia: mango, green peppers, tomatoes, litchi • India: mango • Vietnam: Dragon fruit, rambutan • Philippines: mango • Pakistan: mango • Mexico: guava, mango, chile manzano, boniato • South Africa: grapes, persimmons

  18. http://foodirradiation.org/pages/produce_import_update.html

  19. Australia and New Zealand * Season 7 (2010-11) growing season adversely affected by severe weather conditions (cyclones) in some parts of Qld Thanks to Murray Lynch, Steritech

  20. Challenges to use of phytosanitary irradiation • No way to validate treatment at POE • Many pest groups still not mitigated (mites, mollusks, nematodes, weeds & weed seeds, lepidoptera adults & pupae) • Effect on food quality • Conventional treatments still in use • Maintaining cold chain • Few irradiation facilities • Regulatory hurdles • Effects of additional handling

  21. Challenges of commercial scale irradiation Irradiated food MUST be labeled Capabilities of the facilities to treat different foods High capital investment, slow and low ROI Relative costs of treatment Harmonization of requirements Labeling Consumer acceptance

  22. Consumer Acceptance • Consumers respond positively when informed • People buy irradiated food • Focus on the product and its benefits, rather than the technology • Most (but not all) will buy when given the opportunity • Irradiated fruit is a success story

  23. Thank you. Anuradha Prakash Chapman University Orange, California prakash@chapman.edu

  24. Benefits • Cold process • Food can be processed in final package • Leaves no residue • Can be combined with other treatments • Enhances safety • Increases shelf-life • Pest-free trade!

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