1 / 48

On-Road Emissions in Asia Measured by Remote Sensing

On-Road Emissions in Asia Measured by Remote Sensing. Niranjan Vescio Presentation at BAQ 2004 Agra, India December 8, 2004. Presentation Outline. Introduction to Vehicle Remote Sensing RSD Technology RSD Measurements Asia Remote Sensing Data India Data Motorcycle Measurement Challenges

moesha
Télécharger la présentation

On-Road Emissions in Asia Measured by Remote Sensing

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. On-Road Emissions in Asia Measured by Remote Sensing December 04 Niranjan Vescio Presentation at BAQ 2004 Agra, India December 8, 2004

  2. Presentation Outline • Introduction to Vehicle Remote Sensing • RSD Technology • RSD Measurements • Asia Remote Sensing Data • India Data • Motorcycle Measurement Challenges • Improvement Plans • Concluding Remarks

  3. Contributors India Study Sponsor • Ms. K. Easter, Mr. K. Balakrishnam US Asia Environmental Partnership • Dr. Balraj Bahnot, Director Automotive Research Association of India PB 832 Pune, India • Mr. Nitin Manawat, Managing Director Environmental Systems Products-India Powai, Mumbai, India [nitin.manawat@etest.com] • Dr. Donald H. Stedman, Gary A. Bishop University of Denver, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Denver, CO, USA [dstedman@du.edu] • Dr. Peter McClintock Applied Analysis Tiburon, CA, USA [peter.mcclintock@pacbell.net] Data Collection Data Analysis

  4. Introduction to Remote Sensing December 04

  5. IR Opacity UV Measurement Principle Spectroscopy (Light Absorption)

  6. Opacity (Smoke/PM) Measurement 1. Diesel Emissions PM Mass Shift Old to New 1500nm to 250nm 0.25 1.5 2. Measurement λ Opacimeter to RSD SF 550nm to 230nm 0.23 0.55 New Old New Smoke Channel Traditional Opacimeter Source:Presentation by David Kittleson, University of Minnesota, Department of Mechanical Engineering, et al “Chemical & Physical Characteristics of Diesel Aerosol,” presented at the 12th Annual CRC Conference, April 15-17, 2002.

  7. Remote Sensing Technology www.rsdaccuscan.com

  8. The On-Road Advantage • On-road emissions cause poor air quality. • Remote sensing measures on-road emissions.

  9. Q Q’ Q’’ RSD MeasurementsRatios to Concentrations • RSDs Measure Ratios… ___CHX + ___N2 +___O2 ___CO2 + ___CO + ___CHX + NO2 • RSDs Calculate Concentrations • Simple Explanation - http://www.rsd-remotesensing.com/user_info.aspunder “RSD for Non-Technicals” • Math Derivation - http://www.feat.biochem.du.edu/whatsafeat.html under “standard combustion equation.”

  10. Where, Fuel Specific Mass EmissionsCO, HC, NO per kg of Fuel Burned Smoke Factor of 1 = 10gmSmoke/kg of Fuel

  11. On-Road Emissions • On-road emissions are not certification emissions. • Nevertheless new vehicles measured on-road usually read well below their certification values. • On-road emissions are not the same as readings from scheduled emission tests. • On average the two correlate very well • Second vs. Second ( a good analyzer) • Results vs. Result ( can screen vehicles) • Average vs. Average ( can characterize fleet emissions)

  12. Mirror Suction of blower A/F sensor RSD Exhaust pipe Si tube to HORIBA MEXA9100EGR AccuScan4000 blower HORIBA Direct analyzer Correlation Test SetupJapan Petroleum Energy Center – February 2003 Engine Cooling fan To bench analyzer

  13. Correlation Test Method & ResultsMitsubishi Lancer • Several different drive modes were utilized: • LA4 drive mode • Steady state drive modes (60,40,20kph) • Horiba bench analyzers were compared to RSD: • Comparisons between gas ratios and their mean values. • CO/CO2, HC/CO2, NO/CO2

  14. On-Road Emissions • On-road emissions are not certification emissions. • Nevertheless new vehicles measured on-road usually read well below their certification values. • On-road emissions are not the same as readings from scheduled emission tests. • On average the two correlate very well • Second vs. Second ( a good analyzer) • Result vs. Result ( can screen vehicles) • Average vs. Average ( can characterize fleet emissions)

  15. RSD vs. I/M 240 - HC

  16. On-Road Emissions • On-road emissions are not certification emissions. • Nevertheless new vehicles measured on-road usually read well below their certification values. • On-road emissions are not the same as readings from scheduled emission tests. • On average the two correlate very well • Second vs. Second ( a good analyzer) • Results vs. Result ( can screen vehicles) • Average vs. Average ( can characterize fleet emissions)

  17. Exhaust Emissions Variability“Key: Knowing when dealing with it” • All emissions tests show low variability on new vehicles. • All emissions tests show high variability when testing older, and especially older broken, vehicles. (Bishop et al, 1996; www.feat.biochem.du.edu) • Even Federal Test Procedure (FTP) testing performed 21 times shows this high variability.

  18. AQIRP data Grams/mile

  19. Station-Based Test Variability”Unlikely to Identify Variability” • Scheduled emission tests tend to be performed only once for vehicles which pass. • Scheduled emission tests are only repeated for vehicles which fail the first time. • Therefore, vehicle emissions variability less likely to be identified through conventional station-based testing.

  20. Remote Sensing Test Variability“More Likely to Identify Variability” • Remote sensing readings can include as many as 5000 vehicles per day. • Variability of readings taken day after day on the same vehicle is readily apparent. • Sources of Variability (descending order of magnitude): • Vehicle (site selection, cutpoints) • Ambient Conditions (track & account for changes) • Instrument Set-up (audits, self-diagnostics) • Instrument Itself (building a better analyzer)

  21. Gross Emitter ID Study“On-Road Screening”

  22. BAR Pullover Study Method Upstream Dual RSD Screen: Dual RSDs Downstream Roadside ASM: Vehicles exceeding RSD Cutpoints

  23. RSD Gross Emitter ID Performance • On-road gross emitters pulled over by a policeman have more than an 82-88% chance of failing a California emissions test based on one RSD exceedance. • >92% chance based on 2 RSD readings above cutpoints. [“REMOTE SENSING DEVICE HIGH EMITTER IDENTIFICATION WITH CONFIRMATORY ROADSIDE INSPECTION”; California BAR Final Report 2001 – 06 August 30, 2001, copy available on www.feat.biochem.du.edu.]

  24. Asia Remote Sensing Data December 04

  25. Asia RSD Data Asian on-road emissions show large variability Singapore appears comparable to the US Everywhere a few vehicle produce the majority of the motor vehicle emissions.

  26. Majority of vehicles have negligible emissions • Average is dominated by a small fraction of high emitters

  27. India Data Collection Summary • 4 Days each in Pune and Delhi • 2 Pune Sites, 3 Delhi Sites • ~10,000 valid records each in Pune and Delhi • Speed/Acceleration measurements were not used to to filter measurements (i.e. Vehicle specific power).

  28. Pune RSD Sites

  29. Delhi RSD Sites

  30. One Pune Site

  31. One Delhi Site

  32. CO Emissions (g/kg fuel)

  33. HC Emissions (g/kg fuel)

  34. NO Emissions (g/kg fuel)

  35. Smoke Emissions (g/kg fuel)

  36. Pollutant Contribution (% of Total) NOx Smoke HC NOx

  37. NO Mean Emissions by Decile

  38. Smoke Mean Emissions by Decile

  39. RSD Smoke - Singapore • Diesel vehicle smoke increases steadily with age • Petrol vehicles have less smoke but smoke also increases with age

  40. RSD Diesel Smoke - Singapore

  41. RSD Patrol Smoke - Singapore

  42. India Data Collection Efficiency

  43. RSD Motorcycle Measurement December 04

  44. 2-Wheeler Measurement Challenges • Exhaust Volume • Small samples • Exhaust Location • Variable height and directions • Driving Mode • Many Coasts and Decelerations • Dual Vehicle Passes • Contaminated or Blocked Measurement

  45. RSD4000 System RSD3000 High Pipe Low Pipe

  46. Motorcycle RSD Concept 3-mirror option 5-mirror option 2.5m • Loaded Mode Measurement • Dedicated Lane • Multiple Beam Heights

  47. Concluding Remarks… REMOTE SENSING – • RSD4000 introduces UV smoke channel. • RSDs offer the advantage of measuring on-road emissions. • Emissions variability recognized in multiple RSD measurements. • RSDs proven & widely used for screening and characterization. INDIA REMOTE SENSING DATA - • CO uniform across types and proportional to fleet #s. • HC higher in rich burning 2/3-wheelers. • Lower in Delhi 3-Ws (credit CNG program) • Low in Delhi’s CNG buses. • NO highest among lean burning Comm. Diesels and Petrol 4-Ws • Highest rates from CNG buses, but should assess contribution. • Smoke highest in rich burners (2/3-Ws), lowest in lean burning high NOx emitters. • Lower in Delhi’s 3-Ws and CNG Buses • Rises with age and higher in Diesels. MOTORCYCLE MEASUREMENT - • 2-W capture efficiency must be improved. • Loaded mode measurement in a dedicated lane with more versatile beam deployment.

  48. Web Sites • University of Denver: • www.feat.biochem.du.edu DU reports, publications and downloadable data. • www.sign.du.edu SMART SIGN 24/7 RSD operation and live web camera. • Environmental Systems Products • www.esp-global.com – general ESP Product Info • www.rsdaccuscan.com – history, legislation, reports, documents, technology, products

More Related