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Understanding Cellular Respiration: Process, Purpose, and Stages

This resource outlines the key concepts of cellular respiration, including its importance in energy extraction from nutrients. It explains the steps involved—Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain—and details how glucose is transformed into ATP, the energy currency of cells. Students will learn about the locations of each process, the outputs produced, and the significance of aerobic respiration in both plants and animals. This comprehensive review will also highlight the relationship between structure and function in cellular energy production.

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Understanding Cellular Respiration: Process, Purpose, and Stages

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  1. QU: Why do we breathe? **Need book the rest of the Unit** *Final Review is online!!* • OBJ: S.M. Q’s, Types of energy and uses, Over Test Friday December 14th 2012 “Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”

  2. QU: What is the word equation for cellular respiration? **Turn in Energy Homework to HW Bin** *CR Project Due at the End of the Hour WedNesday* • OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.” Monday December 17th 2012

  3. Cellular Respiration Who? Why? Where? What?

  4. In what organisms does cellular respiration take place?(WHO?)

  5. Plants - Autotrophs: • self-producers. • Animals - Heterotrophs: • consumers. Plants and Animals…

  6. Why do we care about Cellular Respiration?

  7. We eat complex foods with large molecules. • These foods are full of energy BUT our body is not prepared to use the energy in that state. • We have to change it…… WHY?

  8. Solution: Our body digests macromolecules into their monomers. • Main focus for this class: carbohydrates into glucose. • Then cellular respiration retrieves the glucose and takes over!! WHY? (cont.)

  9. Cellular respiration’s main function • Turn glucose into useable ATP • 38 ATP per Glucose molecule • Also forms carbon dioxide and water C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP) WHY? (cont.)

  10. Where does Cellular Respiration occur?

  11. Cellular Respiration occurs in the… • Cytoplasm • Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm) • Mitochondria • Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix • Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner Mitochondrial Membrane WHERE?

  12. Inner membrane space Matrix Cristae Outer membrane Inner membrane WHERE? (cont.)

  13. What happens in Cellular Respiration?

  14. Cellular Respiration: • catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2)requiring process that uses energyto extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose). • Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down • Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP) WHAT?

  15. Adenosine Tri-Phospate: • Made of three things • 1.) Ribose (sugar) • 2.) Adenosine (base) • 3.) Three phosphates • Key to the activity of ATP AMP, ADP, ATP

  16. ATP works by losing the endmost phosphate group when instructed to do so by an enzyme. • As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate. • With each lost phosphate more energy is released • This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contact muscles, etc AMP, ADP, ATP

  17. ATP ADP AMP ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy

  18. HOW: Steps of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis and Krebs Cycleand Substrate Level Phosphorylation

  19. QU: How is energy released from the ATP? *CR Project Due Weds. at the end of the hour* Absent yesterday? Turn in your HW from Friday • OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.” Tuesday December 18th 2012

  20. Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts. • 1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose) • 2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose • 3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use **In total makes 38 ATP** WHAT? (cont.)

  21. Occurs in thecytoplasm just outside of mitochondria. • Two phases: A. Energy investment phase -Put energy in B. Energy yielding phase -Get energy out Glycolysis

  22. Glucose (6C) C-C-C-C-C-C 2ATP 2 ATP - used 0 ATP - produced 0 NADH - produced 2P 2ADP + C-C-C C-C-C Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP) • Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration Glycolysis: Step 1

  23. Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) GAP GAP C-C-C C-C-C 4ADP + 4P 0 ATP - used 4 ATP - produced 2 NADH - produced 4ATP C-C-C C-C-C (PYR) (PYR) Pyruvate(2 - 3C) • Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules Glycolysis: Step 2

  24. Total Net Yield: 2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR) 2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP) 2 - NADH Glycolysis: The final picture

  25. The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each. • Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA (PYR) (PYR) C-C-C C-C-C C-C C-C Acetyl CoA Acetyl CoA “The In-between”

  26. Mitochondrial Matrix • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix • Acetyl CoA (2C)bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA)to make Citrate (6C). • It takes 2 turnsof the krebs cycle to oxidize1 glucosemolecule. • Oxidize: remove electrons for energy Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

  27. Total net yield(2 turnsof krebs cycle) 1.2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) -Substrate-level phosphorylation: when phosphates are added directly to a molecule of ADP or AMP to make ATP 2. 6 – NADH 3. 2 - FADH2 4. 4 - CO2 Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

  28. 2 Acetyl CoA (2C) Citrate (6C) OAA (4C) Krebs Cycle 4 CO2 2 FADH2 6 NAD+ 2 FAD 6 NADH 2 ATP 2 ADP + P 2 x around = Krebs Cycle

  29. Steps of Cellular RespirationElectron Transport Chain (ETC)and Oxidative Phosphorylation

  30. QU: • OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project “In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.” *CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour* **CR Quiz on Friday** ***Journals Due Friday*** WedNesday December 19th 2012

  31. Inner Mitochondrial Membrane • Location:inner mitochondrial membrane. • ETC and ATPSynthase(enzyme) make ATP. • ETCis a series of transport proteins that pump H+and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

  32. All NADH and FADH2converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. • Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. • Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP. • Water is also made • Oxidative Phosphorylation: ATP synthesized from a proton gradient using electron pumps and ATP Synthase Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

  33. Electron Transport Chain

  34. Total ATP Yield 1. 04 ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle 2. 34 ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield ETC Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Total ATP Yield…

  35. QU: • OBJ: Cellular Respiration Webquest *Quiz tomorrow* **Bring Book the Rest of the Unit** *Test on the Weds. You Return* Thursday December 20th 2012

  36. QU: What is the equation for Cellular Respiration? **Bring Book the Rest of the Unit** *Test on the Weds. You Return* • OBJ: C.R. Quiz, Over Energy, Review Friday December 21st 2012

  37. QU: **Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday** *Make-up Quiz today after school or tomorrow before school* • OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review Monday January 7th 2013

  38. Syllabus • Word Search • Chapter 7 Section 1 Notes • Cellular Respiration Project • Cellular Respiration Webquest • Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Review • Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer • Cellular Respiration Practice Quiz • Cellular Respiration Hand Written Notes Binder Organization: Ch 7

  39. QU: What is one question you still have about cellular respiration? **Chapter Review Due tomorrow** *Binder Due Tomorrow* • OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review Tuesday January 8th 2013

  40. QU: How did you study for this test? **Chapter Review to the HW Bin** *Binder to my Lab Table* • OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test WedNesday January 9th 2013

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