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Towards a theoretical model for the evolution of manuscript traditions

Towards a theoretical model for the evolution of manuscript traditions. Caroline Macé (K.U.Leuven) & Philippe Baret (U.C.Louvain) e-Science Institute in Edinburgh October 16-17, 2008 . Introduction: the genealogical method Stemmatics and phylogenetics Beyond the results

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Towards a theoretical model for the evolution of manuscript traditions

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  1. Towards a theoretical model for the evolution of manuscript traditions Caroline Macé (K.U.Leuven) & Philippe Baret (U.C.Louvain) e-Science Institute in EdinburghOctober 16-17, 2008

  2. Introduction: the genealogical method • Stemmatics and phylogenetics • Beyond the results • Convergences and divergences • Cladistics vs. Phylogenetics • Conclusion: is there a future for the genealogical method?

  3. 1. Genealogical Method

  4. Searching for a method • Textus receptus • Best manuscript • Best text: eclectism, emendatio, divinatio

  5. Genealogical method: stemma P. Van Deun (ed.), Maximus Confessor, Liber Asceticus, Turnhout, 2000.

  6. Result: critical text and apparatus C. Steel, C. Macé, P. d’Hoine (eds.), Proclus, In Parmenidem, Oxford, 2007.

  7. Criticizing the genealogical method • Bédier • Too many equally possible stemmata = misleading • Too many bifurcating trees (bifid stemmata) = unrealistic • Cerquiglini, “Eloge de la variante” • Living texts vs. dead (a-historical) editions

  8. The origin of the genealogical method C.G. Zumpt (ed.), Cicero, Verrine Orations, 1831, p. xxxviii (footnote)

  9. The origin of the genealogical method Karl Lachmann (1793-1851) Gaston Paris (1839-1903)

  10. Schleicher’s tree (1853) Winfred P. Lehmann , A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/read08.html

  11. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Charles Darwin, Notebook B, 1837, p. 36 (http://darwin-online.org.uk/manuscripts.html)

  12. The origin of species, 1859 All the foregoing rules and aids and difficulties in classification are explained, if I do not greatly deceive myself, on the view that the natural system is founded on descent with modification; that the characters which naturalists consider as showing true affinity between any two or more species, are those which have been inherited from a common parent, and, in so far, all true classification is genealogical; that community of descent is the hidden bond which naturalists have been unconsciously seeking, and not some unknown plan of creation, or the enunciation of general propositions, and the mere putting together and separating objects more or less alike. (p. 420)

  13. 2. Stemmatics and phylogenetics

  14. The phylogeny of The Canterbury Tales: Nature 394 (1998), p. 839.

  15. Overabundant manuscript tradition of a Patristic text Gregory the Theologian (ca. 330- ca. 390) 45 homilies written around 380 1200 manuscripts copied between 850 and 1550 ancient translations made between 400 and 650 Artificial tradition S. Dagerman, Notre besoin de consolation est impossible à rassasier(transl. from Swedish by P. Bouquet) 12 copies No external evidences, no relative dating of the witnesses Two experiments

  16. Gregory the Theologian, Homily 27 2000 words 130 witnesses 126 manuscripts (850 - 1550) 4 translations (400 - 650) Editio Princeps Aldina (1516) Collation 556 variant locations 691 variant readings Artificial tradition 1015 words 12 copies Collation 119 variant location up to 4 variants on each variant location Two experiments

  17. Two experiments • Of Gregory was there a 18th cent. edition, but no complete history of the text • The stemma of the artificial tradition had been documented

  18. Gregory the Theologian: Neighbor Joining

  19. Gregory the Theologian: Parsimony Consensus Unrooted Tree B A

  20. Gregory the Theologian: validation

  21. Gregory the Theologian: Parsimony Consensus Rooted Tree B A Sicily A Syria sub-B B

  22. Artificial tradition: NeighborJoinining

  23. Artificial tradition: Parsimony Consensus Tree

  24. Artificial tradition: philology

  25. Artificial tradition: difficult cases T1/T2 “cime” A “scime” J “scime” C “(sc/n)ime” U “cîme” M “nime” S “cime” copies

  26. Artificial tradition: exemplar shift NJ - 1st third of the file NJ -3rd third of the file

  27. Artificial tradition: internalisation of nodes ? ? ?

  28. 3. Beyond the results

  29. Convergences Same methodological principle: shared innovations Similar difficulties in applying this principle: cladistics vs. other methods in phylogenetics Similar problems in delimiting, describing and weighting “characters” Divergences Dichotomy vs. polytomy Surviving intermediates Convergences and divergences

  30. Phylogenetics M. Holder - P.O. Lewis, Nature 2003, Vol. 4 (April), p. 276 www.nature.com/reviews/genetics

  31. PHENETICS similarities unrooted tree, which can be rooted on the basis of external evidences CLADISTICS characters states only derived states are informative, as we don’t know when an ancestral state was acquired Phenetics vs. cladistics Phylogenetic character (Vogt): ‘position’ whithin an organism where the mutation occurs, and its corresponding transformation. (…) a phylogenetic character is always a phylogenetic hypothesis.

  32. Recoding the information

  33. Recoding the information

  34. Cladistic approach – Tree 1 Tree 2 – Differences

  35. Cladistic approach – Tree 1 Neighbour Joining

  36. Cladistic approach – Tree 1

  37. 4. Conclusion: is there a future for the genealogical method?

  38. Towards a theoretical model for the evolution of manuscript traditions

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