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Domains of Information

This article explores distance-resolved spectral information, including temporal, spatial, and directional analysis of surface properties like vegetation and soil. It delves into how variations in cover types influence spectral properties, the application of NDVI for quantifying material amounts, and the use of LIDAR and interferometry for data collection. Emphasis is placed on classification methods linked to temporal dynamics and phenology, the challenges of measurement in varied terrains, and the potential of advanced techniques in enhancing our understanding of ecological and environmental changes.

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Domains of Information

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  1. Domains of Information Spectral Directional Temporal Distance-resolved Spatial

  2. Spectral • cover type variation • spectral properties (of leaves, soil etc.) • projected towards viewer, illuminated • depends on amount of material • Vis - e.g. NDVI - quantify amount • relationships depend on cover type

  3. Green red nir swir Directional • Discrimination / classification

  4. Directional • Parameterisation of surface conditions • build model of physics of effect of surface properties on reflectance • invert model against RS BRDF measurements

  5. Temporal • Basis: dynamics/change • Methods: • classification … change • phenology-based description / classifications • NDVI / thermal data - temporal trajectories • Principal Components Analysis

  6. Distance-Resolved • LIDAR • ‘Simple’ form of measurement • easy to use (? Simply) • doesn’t work (well) on high slopes • requires highly-sensitive instrumentation • potentials for new forms of information • waveform LIDAR

  7. Distance-Resolved • Interferometry • Used for number of years • operational (SRTM) • different ‘scales’ for different SAR frequencies • doesn’t work well (for height) if change between images • wind in forests • doesn’t work on high slopes

  8. Spatial • ‘texture’ information • may be directional • row spacing • spatial dependancy - geostatistics • semivariogram • range • size / spacing of objects • sill • variance at range - cover • nugget • sub-pixel variation / noise

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