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Hitchhiker’s Guide to Grammar: Commas for Beginners

Learn how to properly use commas in writing and understand their importance in sentence structure. This guide covers 18 comma rules with examples for comprehensive learning.

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Hitchhiker’s Guide to Grammar: Commas for Beginners

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  1. Hitchhiker’s Guide to Grammar Punctuation Part I: Commas

  2. What to Learn • Objectives: • 1. Students will understand how to properly use commas in writing. • 2. Students will be able to explain why commas are used in certain spots. • GLCE Standard -W.GR.08.01 in the context of writing, correctly use style conventions (e.g., Modern Language Association Handbook) and a variety of grammatical structures in compositions including infinitives, gerunds, participial phrases, and dashes or ellipses.

  3. Meet the Comma • , =Comma • The Comma (,): Designed to prevent midsentence collisions between two separate entities. • A comma (,) indicates to a reader that they should take a brief breath during their reading. This pause helps distinguish meaning within a sentence. • A comma (,) does not inform readers to completely pause reading. This is the job of a period (.) SEE THE RULES

  4. Official Rule Book • Rule 1: Use a comma to separate words and word groups with a series of three or more. • Example: The My $10 million estate is to be split among my husband, daughter, son, and nephew. • Rule 2: Use a comma to separate two adjectives when the word and can be inserted between them. • Example: The girl is a popular, energetic student. • Rule 3: Use a comma when anlyadjective is used with other adjectives. • Example: Emily is a friendly, supportive community member. • Rule 4: Use a commas before or surrounding the name or title of a person directly addressed. • Example: Please, Alex, take the trash out to the dumpster today. • Rule 5: Use a comma to separate the day of the month from the year and after the year. • Example: Kathleen met her husband on December 5, 1999, on a exquisite summer day. Return to Question #: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 BACK TO THE EXPLANATION

  5. Official Rule Book • Rule 6: Use a comma to separate the city from the state. • Example: The band mostly played at a venue in Milwaukee, WI during their early years. • Rule 7: Use comma to surround degrees or titles used with names. • Example: Jeff Stannard, Ph.D., took on all the responsibilities in the new book club. • Rule 8: Use commas to set off expressions interrupting sentence flow. • Example: This video, according to multiple magazine reports, is not meant to be watched by those under the age of fourteen. • Rule 9: Use a comma when starting with a weak introductory clause. • Example: If you have a question about this, please address this now. • Rule 10: Use a comma after the phrases of more than three wordsthat begin a sentence. • Example: In order to be successful in college, you must develop a consistent work ethic. Return to Question #: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

  6. Official Rule Book • Rule 11: Use a comma when a nonessential descriptor is used to introduce a person that has been sufficiently introduced. • Example: Freddy, who has a limp, was in an auto accident. • Rule 12: Use a comma to separate two strong clauses joined by coordinating conjunction-and, or, but, for nor. • Example: I have seen the first Spiderman movie, but not the second. • Rule 13: Use a comma to separate two sentences if it will help avoid confusion. • Example: I have selected to buy an iPad and printer, and Bill has chosen to purchase a laptop. • Rule 14: Use a comma to introduce or interrupt direct quotations shorter than three lines. • Example: What he actually said was, “Remove the seat from the hallway.” • Rule 15: Use a comma to separate a statement from a question. • Example: This road was plowed yesterday, wasn’t it? Return to Question #: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

  7. Official Rule Book • Rule 16: Use a comma to separate contrasting parts of a sentence. • Example: The dog belongs to the Hills, not the Thomas family. • Rule 17: Use a comma when beginning sentences with introductory words such as well, now, or yes. • Example: Now, this may be the biggest problem I have ever faced. • Rule 18: Use a comma when surrounding words, such as therefore, however when they are used as interrupters. • Example: This shovel, however, does not clear out snow that well. Return to Question #: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 TAKE THE QUIZ

  8. Correcting Comma Calamity #1 • I took Angie the one with the freckle to the movie last night. • Rule 1 C. Rule 11 Visit Rule Book • Rule 14 D. Rule 4

  9. Correcting Comma Calamity #2 • To apply for this job you must have a Social Security card. • Rule 10 C. Rule 3 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 14 D. Rule 12

  10. Correcting Comma Calamity #3 • She has a good healthy attitude about work. • Rule 8 C. Rule 3 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 2 D. Rule 7

  11. Correcting Comma Calamity #4 • Please Sasha, come home from work. • Rule 13 C. Rule 10 Visit Rule Book • Rule 12 D. Rule 4

  12. Correcting Comma Calamity #5 • I can go can’t I? • Rule 15 C. Rule 6 Visit Rule Book • Rule 7 D. Rule 11

  13. Correcting Comma Calamity #6 The dog which may already be clear to you is not feeling healthy at this time. • Rule 16 C. Rule 18 B. Rule 2 D. Rule 8 • Visit Rule Book

  14. Correcting Comma Calamity #7 • Mae said “Why don’t you come up and see me sometime?” • Rule 5 C. Rule 8 Visit Rule Book • Rule 14 D. Rule 9

  15. Correcting Comma Calamity #8 • My hometown has been Traverse City MI for the past three years. A. Rule 6 C. Rule 17 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 8 D. Rule 13

  16. Correcting Comma Calamity #9 • It is drizzling not pouring. • Rule 16 C. Rule 1 Visit Rule Book • Rule 18 D. Rule 3

  17. Correcting Comma Calamity #10 Jerry purchased the new bike didn’t he? • Rule 18 C. Rule 19 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 4 D. Rule 15

  18. Correcting Comma Calamity #11 • I met my favorite basketball player on December 9 2000 at Biggby Coffee. • Rule 14 C. Rule 1 Visit Rule Book • Rule 6 D. Rule 5

  19. Correcting Comma Calamity #12 • I would however like to return this recent purchase. • Rule 10 C. Rule 7 Visit Rule Book • Rule 6D. Rule 18

  20. Correcting Comma Calamity #13 • Chris was a friendly old teacher. • Rule 19 C. Rule 4 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 3 D. Rule 7

  21. Correcting Comma Calamity #14 The most essential components of basketball are passing shooting and dribbling. • Rule 16 B. Rule 9 Visit Rule Book C. Rule 1 D. Rule 5

  22. Correcting Comma Calamity #15 Al Mooney M.D. knew Sam Sunny Jr. and Charles Starr III. • Rule 6 C. Rule 13 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 8 D. Rule 7

  23. Correcting Comma Calamity #16 I chose the colors red and green and blue was his first choice. • Rule 8 C. Rule 13 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 6 D. Rule 14

  24. Correcting Comma Calamity #17 • Well I do not agree that excess trash is destroying the environment. • Rule 17 C. Rule 13 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 11 D. Rule 12

  25. Correcting Comma Calamity #18 If you are not sure about this let me know now. • Rule 9 C. Rule 7 Visit Rule Book B. Rule 3 D. Rule 5

  26. Correcting Comma Calamity #19 • I am almost finished staining the floors but he still is working on trimming the doors. • Rule 14 B. Rule 8 Visit Rule Book C. Rule 12 D. Rule 3

  27. Correcting Comma Calamity #20 I am as you may have noticed very anxious to get this lesson started. • Rule 9 B. Rule 8 Visit Rule Book C. Rule 10 D. Rule 11

  28. CORRECT • I took Angie, the one with the freckles, to the movie last night. Rule 11: Use a comma when a nonessential descriptor is used to introduce a person that has been sufficiently introduced. • Example: Freddy, who has a limp, was in an auto accident. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  29. CORRECT • She has a good healthy attitude about work. Rule 2: Use a comma to separate two adjectives when the word and can be inserted between them. • Example: The girl is a popular, energetic student. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  30. CORRECT • To apply for this job, you must have a Social Security card. Rule 10: Use a comma after the phrases of more than three wordsthat begin a sentence. • Example: In order to be successful in college, you must develop a consistent work ethic. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  31. CORRECT • Please, Sasha, come home from work. Rule 4: Use a commas before or surrounding the name or title of a person directly addressed. • Example: Please, Alex, take the trash out to the dumpster today. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  32. CORRECT • I can go, can’t I? Rule 15: Use a comma to separate a statement from a question. • Example: This road was plowed yesterday, wasn’t it? Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  33. CORRECT • The dog, which may already be clear to you, is not feeling healthy at this time. Rule 8: Use commas to set off expressions interrupting sentence flow. • Example: This video, according to multiple magazine reports, is not meant to be watched those under fourteen. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  34. CORRECT • Mae said, “Why don’t you come up and see me sometime?” Rule 14: Use a comma to introduce or interrupt direct quotations shorter than three lines. • Example: What he actually said was, “Remove the seat from the hallway.” Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  35. CORRECT • My hometown has been Traverse City, MI for the past three years. Rule 6: Use a comma to separate the city from the state. • Example: The band mostly played at a venue in Milwaukee, WI during their early years. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  36. CORRECT • It is drizzling, not pouring. Rule 16: Use a comma to separate contrasting parts of a sentence. • Example: The dog belongs to the Hills, not the Thomas family. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  37. CORRECT • Jerry purchased the new bike, didn’t he? Rule 15: Use a comma to separate a statement from a question. • Example: This road was plowed yesterday, wasn’t it? Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  38. CORRECT • I met my favorite basketball player on December 9, 2000, at Biggby Coffee. Rule 5: Use a comma to separate the day of the month from the year and after the year. • Example: Kathleen met her husband on December 5, 1999, on a exquisite summer day. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  39. CORRECT • I would, however, like to return this recent purchase. Rule 18: Use a comma when surrounding words, such as therefore, however when they are used as interrupters. • Example: This shovel, however, does not clear out snow that well. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  40. CORRECT • Chris was a friendly, old teacher. Rule 3: Use a comma when anly adjective is used with other adjectives. • Example: Emily is a friendly, supportive community member. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  41. CORRECT • The most essential components of basketball are passing, shooting, and dribbling. Rule 1: Use a comma to separate words and word groups with a series of three or more. • Example: The My $10 million estate is to be split among my husband, daughter, son, and nephew. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  42. CORRECT • Al Mooney, M.D., knew Sam Sunny Jr. and Charles Starr III. Rule 7: Use comma to surround degrees or titles used with names. • Example: Jeff Stannard, Ph.D., took on all the responsibilities in the new book club. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  43. CORRECT • I chose the colors red and green, and blue was his first choice. Rule 13: Use a comma to separate two sentences if it will help avoid confusion. • Example: I have selected to buy an iPad and printer, and Bill has chosen to purchase a laptop. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  44. CORRECT Well, I do not agree that excess trash is destroying the environment. Rule 17: Use a comma when beginning sentences with introductory words such as well, now, or yes. • Example: Now, this may be the biggest problem I have ever faced. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  45. CORRECT • If you are not sure about this, let me know now. Rule 9: Use a comma when starting with a weak introductory clause. • Example: If you have a question about this, please address this now. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  46. CORRECT • I am almost finished staining the floors, but he still is working on trimming the doors. Rule 12: Use a comma to separate two strong clauses joined by coordinating conjunction-and, or, but, for nor. • Example: I have seen the first Spiderman movie, but not the second. Return to Previous ?Move to Next ?

  47. CORRECT • I am, as you may have noticed, very anxious to get this lesson started. Rule 8: Use commas to set off expressions interrupting sentence flow. • Example: This video, according to multiple magazine reports, is not meant to be watched by those under the age fourteen. Return to Previous ?

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