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First Political Parties

Learn about the beginnings of political parties in the U.S., their key positions, and the 1796 election candidates. Explore how Federalists and Democratic-Republicans differed in ideology and leadership. Discover the impact of Washington's Farewell Address.

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First Political Parties

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Presentation Transcript

  1. First Political Parties Chapter 8, Section 3

  2. We will learn… • How political parties got started and what positions they supported • How John Adams and Thomas Jefferson became candidates of opposing parties in the election of 1796

  3. Washington's Farewell • Washington warned against permanent alliances with foreign nations • This will be U.S. policy until almost 1900 • He also described the “evils” of political parties and warned that they would divide the nation

  4. Political Parties Modern Political PartiesToday’s Democratic Party traces its roots to Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans. The modern Republican Party, however, was not founded until 1854.

  5. Study Guide recap: • Precedents – examples or traditions to be followed • Neutrality – not choosing sides • Impressment – British practice of kidnapping American sailors • National debt – amount a nation’s government owes

  6. Study Guide recap: • Bill of Rights – first 10 Amendments added to the Constitution • Anthony Wayne – General that defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers • John Adams – first vice president • Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s running mate in 1796 • Little Turtle – chief of the Miami people

  7. Study Guide recap: • Judiciary Act of 1789 – allowed Congress to establish a federal court system • Edmond Randolph – first attorney general • Alexander Hamilton – first Secretary of the Treasury (responsible for the finances) • Edmond Genet – French diplomat who tried to recruit Americans to fight against the British

  8. Study Guide recap: Question #2 • Federalist – Alexander Hamilton - rule by the wealthy class, strong federal government, British alliance, national bank, loose interpretation of the Constitution • Democratic-Republicans – Thomas Jefferson - rule by the people, stronger state governments, French alliance, state banks (no national bank), strict interpretation of the Constitution

  9. Origins of Party Federalists • Originally described someone who supported the constitution • Applied to people who supported the policies of Washington’s administration

  10. Origins of Party Democratic-Republicans • Newspaper National Gazette started by Philip Freneau helped turn public opinion against Federalists • Help from Thomas Jefferson • Jefferson and Madison organized people who disagreed with Hamilton

  11. Basic Differences Federalists • Stood for strong central government • Supported Britain • Favored shipping (exporting) interests • Favored a National Bank • Favored protective tariffs • More support in the north

  12. Basic Differences Democratic-Republicans • Wanted to limit government power • Emphasis on agriculture • Wanted to ally with France • Favored state banks • Favored free trade • Favored strong state governments • More support in the south

  13. Leaders Federalists • Alexander Hamilton • George Washington • John Adams Democratic-Republicans • Thomas Jefferson • James Madison

  14. View of the Constitution Federalists • Loose interpretation of the Constitution • Thought the government had “implied” powers

  15. View of the Constitution Democratic-Republicans • Strict interpretation of the Constitution • Also thought government had “implied” powers but only to be used when absolutely necessary

  16. People’s Role Federalists • Supported representative government – elected officials ruled for the people • Didn’t want public to be involved in politics • Public office should only be held by educated, honest men who could protect people’s rights

  17. People’s Role Democratic Republicans • Feared strong central government controlled by a few • Thought liberty was safe only when ordinary people participated in government

  18. DO NOW: 3-2-1 Political Parties Emerge (use pages 267 – 269 to help you) • 3 reasons why two distinct political parties were created • 2 opposing view points on each side • 1 leader for each side

  19. Election of 1796 Federalists • Nominated vice-president John Adams for president and Charles Pickney for vice-president • Expected to carry New England • Adams won the presidency

  20. Election of 1796 Democratic-Republicans • Nominated Thomas Jefferson for president • Strength was in the south • Won vice-president (electoral college elected president and vice-president separately) Country now had a Federalist president and Republican vice-president

  21. DO NOW: Use the map to answer the questions • Who are the candidates in the election? • Which states split their electoral vote? • What are the three new states that were not part of the first election? • Why would the coastal areas of MD, VA, and NC support the Federalists?

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