Reading Universe

1. Reading Universe Accuracy and Fluency

2. Accuracy before Fluency Read this sentence: The horse got a cold.

3. Accuracy before Fluency Read this sentence: The horse got cold.

4. Improving Accuracy Accuracy improves� when students have decoding strategies in place to decode words. when students practice reading words accurately An increase in accuracy leads to better fluency and comprehension.

5. Research Base Accurate decoding is an important foundation of reading comprehension, and is a skill that must be mastered if students are going to be able to �read to learn.� (Gough & Tunmer, 1986; Vellutino, Tunmer, Jacard, & Chen, 2007) Marilyn Sprick activityMarilyn Sprick activity

6. Accuracy and Fluency Activity Pair up One person reads while one person marks errors Read The Boarding House by James Joyce Discuss behaviors and solutions

7. The Reading Universe In The Reading Universe fluency comes under the heading of �Word Usage for Meaning.� It is preceded by vocabulary and followed by comprehension, which reinforces the understanding that it is the �bridge� between word recognition and comprehension.

8. What is Fluency? Fluency refers to the ability of readers to read quickly, effortlessly, and efficiently, with good, meaningful expression. Rasinski, 2003

9. Fluent readers don�t read word-by-word, but rather in natural-sounding phrases, just the way they would speak them. Fluent readers read with automaticity. That is , they process text automatically, requiring little effort or attention. Fluent readers don�t read word-by-word, but rather in natural-sounding phrases, just the way they would speak them.

10. Importance of Fluency Fluency is important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension (Armbruster, Lehr, & Osborn, 2001). Fluent reading should be a major goal of reading instruction because decoding print accurately and effortlessly enables students to read for meaning. Students who decode words effortlessly can focus more of their conscious attention to making meaning for text (Blevins, 2001). They can make connections among the ideas in the text and between the text and their background knowledge. Fluent readers recognize words and comprehend at the same time. In contrast, less fluent readers must focus their attention primarily on decoding individual words, which leaves little attention left for comprehending the text (Reutzel & Cooter, 2005).