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The Universe

The Universe. How big is it? Where do we fit into it? Where is it going? What do you think of when you hear the word?. Universe cont. We are going to explore 2 main topics in this unit: Universe as a whole The Big Bang. The Universe as a whole…. The universe is made up of 2 items:

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The Universe

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  1. The Universe • How big is it? • Where do we fit into it? • Where is it going? • What do you think of when you hear the word?

  2. Universe cont. We are going to explore 2 main topics in this unit: • Universe as a whole • The Big Bang

  3. The Universe as a whole… • The universe is made up of 2 items: • Matter- Particle with a mass that takes up space • Energy- In the form of E-M radiation • Example: Light, Microwaves, etc.

  4. Believe it or not matter and energy are really one in the same; they are converted from one to another using Einstein’s E=mc2. • REMEMBER: the total amount of both remain constant

  5. Measuring Galaxies • To measure a galaxy you can’t obviously use a tape measure, you can’t even use miles • Because of this scientists measure vast distances in space with a unit called a light year • Distance light travels in one year • Do you remember the speed of light? • Try and calculate the light travels in one year. • Ex: Alpha Centari is ___4.3__ lya.

  6. Possible Origin of Universe • It is believed that at one time the entire universe was shrunk down to about the size of a pinpoint • This immense amount of matter (energy) is compressed into this extremely small space • What do you think happens to matter (energy) when you apply a great amount pressure to it?

  7. Origin cont. • IT HEATS UP!! • Trillions of Degrees • 100,000 times hotter then the sun’s core • How do hot particles move, fast or slow? • FAST!

  8. Origin cont. • These few particles are moving so fast that they can’t even be held together as atoms • They can’t even be held together as subatomic particles • The entire universe is made of high energy radiation called plasma

  9. The Big Bang

  10. Big Bang cont. • It is estimated today that about 14.6 billion years ago all of the matter and energy started to expand in a gigantic explosion called the Big Bang. • When the matter and energy expanded, it began to cool and particles began to slow down

  11. B.B. cont. • Eventually the particles slowed to the point where they began to clump together • Subatomic particles were formed • This continued to occur and eventually the first atoms were created

  12. Evidence of the Big Bang • Doppler Shift • Cosmic Background Radiation

  13. Doppler Effect • Johann Christian Doppler • Waves • Sound-Pitch • Light-ROY G BIV

  14. Expanding Universe • In 1920 Astronomers discover that when a star is moving toward you it appears blue and when a star is moving away from you it appears to be red • Galaxies are not stationary, but moving at great speeds and distances • Edwin Hubble began observing galaxies, he thought that he would see some blue (moving toward him) and others red (moving away from him) • He found all of the galaxies to be red!

  15. Cosmic Background • Energy in the form of microwave radiation can be detected in all parts of the universe with equal intensity • This microwave radiation is actually the light from the early universe • Because the universe is expanding the light waves are stretched and appear as microwaves • These microwave can be seen everywhere you look in the universe and with equal intensity

  16. C.B.R.

  17. Our Star • Our Solar System is wrapped around our star, you know as the SUN! • It is the closest star to planet Earth • Sun Facts: • It is 93 million miles away-1 AU • It’s mass is 2.0 x 10^30 kg • It’s radius is 675,000 km • It takes 27 days to rotate, how long does it take for the earth to rotate? • 1 million earths could fit inside of the sun

  18. Stars cont. • As far as stars go the sun is classified as a medium sized star • There are many stars that are many times larger • Yet the sun is only 1 star in a group of about 400 billion stars called the Milky Way Galaxy

  19. Stars cont. • The Milky Way Galaxy is only one of about 400 billion galaxies each containing its own group of about 400 billion stars. • This doesn’t even include all of the planets, asteroids, comets, space dust… • The question you should be asking is then, where did it all come from?

  20. Life of a Star • Life of a Star-Stages • Life of a star-pictures

  21. The Universe and Galaxies • Galaxy • Moons • Galaxy 2 • Planet and Star relative size

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