CONTRIBUTION OF IBN SINA TOWARDS

1. CONTRIBUTION OF IBN SINA TOWARDS KNOWLEDGE & SCIENCES HAMSIAH HAMID (0239238) INTAN SUHANA HASAN (0234686) NURUL ‘ASYIKIN MAT YUNUS (0239498)

2. BACKGROUND & HISTORY • Abu Ali AL-Hussain Ibn Abdallah Ibn Sina (Avicenna) • Born in 980 AD at Afshana • Received his early education in Bukhara • 10 years old - Become well versed in the study of the Quran and various sciences • 17 years old – Cure Nooh Ibn Mansoor, the King of Bukhara, of an illness in which all the well-known physicians had given up hope • 21 years old – Become an established physician and political administrator • Died in 1037 A.D

3. MEDICINE • Famous book - Qanun fi al-Tibb (Canon) • His important original contribution includes: • Recognition of the contagious nature of phthisis and tuberculosis • Distribution of diseases by water and soil • Interaction between psychology and health • The first to describe meningitis • Described 760 drugs for pharmacological methods • Made rich contributions to anatomy, gynecology and child health • The first physician who suggested the treatment for lachrymal fistula

4. PHILOSOPHY • Famous contribution - Kitab al-Shifa (Book of Healing) • It classified the entire field such as: • Theoretical knowledge • Physics • Mathematics • Metaphysics • Practical knowledge • Ethics • Economics • Politic • Other his well known works – Al - Najat and Isharat.

5. ASTRONOMY • Observed Venus as a spot against the surface of the Sun • Correctly deduced that Venus must be closer to the Earth than the Sun • Invented an instrument for observing the coordinates of a star • Calculate the difference in longitude between Baghdad and Gurgan by observing a meridian transit of the moon at Gurgan

6. MUSIC • Doubling a 'great' step towards the harmonic system • Observed that in the series of consonances represented by (n + 1)/n, the ear is unable to distinguish them when n = 45 • His work was mainly on tonic intervals, rhythmic patterns, and musical instruments

7. PHYSICS • Contributed to the study of different forms of energy, heat, light and mechanical, and such concepts as force, vacuum and infinity • Propounded on an interconnection between time and motion • Made investigations on specific gravity and used an air thermometer

8. CHEMISTRY • Did not believe in the possibility of chemical transmutation in metals • His treatise on minerals was one of the main sources of geology of Christian encyclopedist

9. ANATOMY • The first scientist to describe the minute and graphic description of different parts of the eye • Condemned conjectures and presumptions in anatomy • Asserts that muscular movements are possible because of the nerves supplied to them, and the perception of pain in the muscles is also due to the nerves. • Observes that liver spleen and kidney do not contain any nerves but the nerves are embedded in the covering of these organs

10. GEOLOGY • Less known in Earth Science • In Kitab Al-Shifa, He had presented fundamental principles of Geology in terms of Earth processes, major events and long geologic time

11. CONCLUSION • One of the greatest Muslim scholars in the world • A famous clinician or an eminent writer • A renowned pharmacologist, philosophers, researchers, theorist, poet, and a successful politician • More than 276 books, essays and treaties credited to him • He considered the scientific and mathematical theory of the world and ultimate causation by God • His aim is sought to be integrate all aspect and religion in a metaphysical vision • He is considered as one of the four great Mutalizite scholars besides Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi and Ibn Rusyd

12. THANK YOU