Respiratory System

1. Respiratory System By: Myriah, Mallory, and Zach

2. What is the respiratory system? • THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OXYGENATING THE BLOOD AND REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE • (also plays a role in social communication through the production of sounds )

3. What is respiration? • Respiration is the act of breathing: • inhaling (inspiration) - taking in oxygen • exhaling (expiration) - giving off carbon dioxide [1]

4. What makes up the respiratory system? • The upper respiratory tract includes the: • NOSE • NASAL CAVITY • PHARYNX • [1]

5. THE NOSE •          Air enters through two openings, THE EXTERNAL NARES or NOSTRILS. •          Just inside each nostril is an expanded VESTIBULE containing coarse hairs(which are filters to keep out fungus and bacteria) [1]

7. Nasal Cavity • The nasal cavity cleans, moisturizes, and warms the air that enters through the nares as well as provides turbulence via the nasal conchae to make sure the air is properly treated before continuing on. Another function of the nasal cavity is to allow sound to resonate when you stimulate your vocal cord [2]

8. THE PHARYNX • a chamber shared by the digestive and respiratory systems • THE THROAT OR PHARYNX IS DIVIDED IN THREE REGIONS • 1.       Upper NASO-PHARYNX (SERVES A PASSAGEWAY FOR AIRFLOW FROM NASAL CAVITY) • 2.       Middle OROPHARYNX (IT CONTAINS THE PALATINE AND LINGUAL TONSILS) • 3.       Lower LARYNGOPHARYNX (THE NARROW ZONE BETWEEN THE HYOID BONE AND THE ENTRANCE TO THE ESOPHAGUS.) [1]

10. What makes up the respiratory system? • The lower respiratory tract includes the: • lungs • bronchi • alveoli

11. Lungs • ARE A PAIR OF CONE SHAPED ORGANS LYNING IN THE PLEURAL CAVITIES. • EACH LUNG IS DIVIDED INTO LOBES BY DEEP FISURES • RIGHT LUNG HAS THREE LOBES AND LEFT LUNG HAS TWO LOBES •   RIGHT LUNG IS DIVIDED IN THREE LOBES ( SUPERIOR, MIDDLE and INFERIOR) • LEFT LUNG IS DIVIDE BY AN OBLIQUE FISSURE INTO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR LOBES [1]

13. Bronchi • Air travels to and from the lungs though two branches of the trachea called bronchi. The bronchi subdivide within the lobes of the lungs into smaller branches called bronchioli and then smaller air vessels that terminate in alveoli. When the alveoli inflate with inhaled air brought in through the bronchi, oxygen enters into the blood. When air is exhaled through the bronchi, the alveoli deflate to expell carbon dioxide and other waste gases from the blood.[3]

15. Alveoli • Alveoli are tiny sacs in the lungs that perform gas exchange. That is the main process of respiration where the body gets rid of carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen which is used in metabolism. They have supply of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood surrounding their surface giving them a high blood supply. They also have thin walls and a moist surface. This is all required for them to work correctly. [4]

17. Mechanism of Breathing and Gas Exchange • Breathing properly (that is with the mouth closed so that the air is inhaled through nasal passages) • travels down the pharynx which is the rear of the throat, the larynx (roughly in the area of Adam's apple), and the trachea or windpipe until it reaches the bronchial tubes • By then most of the dust and bacteria have been filtered out by the mucous membranes, or the moist lining of the nose • Mucous, by the way, in addition to acting as a filter substances, also has certain germicidal properties-another reason why it is so important to cultivate the habit of breathing though the nose • having thus filtered and warmed, the supply of air moves on from the bronchia tubes into the lungs • it enters millions of cells-600,000,000 of them to be exact, if you can visualize such an astronomic figure-each of which is a tiny air sac. • Surrounding these is a network of equally tiny blood vessels or capillaries • absorbs the fresh oxygen directly through the cell walls at the same time as it rids itself of the carbon dioxide from the last trip. [8]

18. external respiration • the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation [5]

19. internal respiration • the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs [6]

20. Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. • The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions that involve the redox reaction (oxidation of one molecule and the reduction of another). Respiration is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy to fuel cellular reformations. [7]

22. Sites: • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_nasal_cavity_do#ixzz1LxsicxdK [2] • http://blue.utb.edu/biology/rodriquez/a&pii%20lab/respiratory_organs.htm [1] • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_Bronchi_do#ixzz1LxxQxP1r [3] • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_functions_of_the_alveoli#ixzz1Lxz1mPQb [4] • http://www.thefreedictionary.com/external+respiration [5] • http://www.thefreedictionary.com/internal+respiration [6] • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration [7] • http://www.meditationiseasy.com/mCorner/aids/Breath_mechanism.htm [8]