1. Review Module 1True/False

2. Psychology’s three main levels of analysis often contradict each other. • The primary research tool of the first psychologists was the experiment. • The subject matter of psychology has changed over the history of the field. • Every psychological event is simultaneously a biological event. • Today, most psychologists work within the behavioral perspective.

3. The major perspectives in psychology contradict one another. • “Spaced practice” promotes better retention than “massed practice.” • “Overlearning” hinders retention. • A major goal of psychology is to teach us how to ask important questions and to think critically as we evaluate competing ideas. • One reason the school of structuralism fell from favor is that the method of introspection was unreliable.

4. FRQ Psychology has a variety of complementary yet incomplete perspectives that help us understand behavior. How might each of the following perspectives explain aggression? • Biological • Cognitive • Evolutionary • Social-Cultural

5. Biological • Brain—Different parts of the brain are active when someone is acting aggressively. (1pt) • Heredity—Some could have a genetic predisposition to act aggressively. (1pt) • Temperament—Some are born with a more aggressive disposition than others. (1pt)

6. Cognitive • Thoughts—Acting aggressively affects one’s thinking. (1pt) • Interpretation—Our interpretation of events could affect aggressive behavior. (1pt)

7. Evolutionary • Gene survival—Aggression might have facilitated survival and the subsequent passing of genes from one generation to the next. (1pt) • Natural selection of traits—From among chance variations, nature selects the traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. (1pt)

8. Social-Cultural • Different cultures—What is seen as aggressive in one culture might be seen as normal in another depending on the cultural context. (1pt) • Situation—A situation might affect aggressive thinking and behavior. (1pt)