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Understanding Directional Structures in Sedimentary Geology

This guide explores various directional structures that reveal current direction and trends in sedimentary environments. Key examples include cross-beds and asymmetric ripples, which indicate the current direction, and flute casts, groove casts, and parting lineation that show current trends. We also discuss topping indicators used to identify tops in sedimentary rocks, such as sole marks, graded beds, and mudcracks. Understanding these structures is crucial for interpreting past environmental conditions and geological history.

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Understanding Directional Structures in Sedimentary Geology

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  1. Directional Structures • Show current direction • Examples include such things as cross-beds, ripples, imbrications, flute casts • Show current trend • Examples include groove casts, parting lineation

  2. Cross-bedding • Current Direction • Current from left to right

  3. Ripple Marks • Asymmetric Ripples show current direction

  4. Flute Casts • Found on the bottom of beds • scoop like structure

  5. Parting Lineation • Yields current trend, not direction

  6. Groove Cast • Yields trend of direction

  7. Topping Indicators • Structures used to determine tops in sedimentary rocks include the following • Sole marks, Graded beds, Cross-beds, Symmetrical ripples, Mudcracks

  8. Ripple Marks • Symmetric Ripples show tops

  9. Graded Bed • Usually found in greywacke, caused by deposition of coherent mixtures of gravel, sand, mud and water

  10. Mudcrack • Mudcracks occur in areas that are flooded and then dry out.

  11. Sole Marks • Sole marks occur on the bottom of beds. Include flute and groove casts

  12. Cross-bedding • Is truncated on the upper side of the bed

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