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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. DNA & RNA. Nucleic Acid Characteristics. Contain C, H, N , O, P (no sulfur) made of monomers called nucleotides (made of a phosphate group, nitrogen base, and a 5-carbon sugar)

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Nucleic Acids

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  1. Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA

  2. Nucleic Acid Characteristics • Contain C, H, N , O, P (no sulfur) • made of monomers called nucleotides (made of a phosphate group, nitrogen base, and a 5-carbon sugar) • Monomers link by the process of dehydration synthesis (remove water) to form the polymer and break by the process of hydrolysis (add water)

  3. DNA • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) • Purpose →codes and stores all genetic material of cell regarding replication and the order in which amino acids should be joined to form a protein. • made of monomers called nucleotides (made of a phosphate group, nitrogen base, and a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose) ) • shape of a spiral helix or twisted ladder (double helix)

  4. Nucleotide Structure Nitrogen base 5-carbon sugar

  5. Purines vs. Pyrimidines • The nitrogen bases can be distinguished by separating them into 2 categories (purines and pyrimidines) • Purines- contain a double ring • ex. Adenine and Guanine • Pyrimidines- contain a single ring ex. Cytosine and Thymine Look!! They contain the letter “Y” just like the word pyrimidine

  6. Purines vs. Pyrimidines Pyrimidine Purine

  7. Complementary Base Pairing • A purine (adenine or guanine) will always bond with a pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine) • So, adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine • A-T • C-G

  8. Complementary Base Pairing A purine & pyrimidine will always link by weak Hydrogen bonds but in a specific way… *A-T contains 2 hydrogen bonds *C-G contains 3 hydrogen bonds

  9. Why is DNA said to be “anti-parallel”? • The 2 sides of the ladder of DNA run anti-parallel because they are organized from 5’ (prime) to 3’ (prime). • If one strand runs from 5’ to 3’ then the opposite side runs 3’ to 5’. • The phosphate group always links to the 5’ end.

  10. DNA nucleotides linked by dehydration synthesis along the sides of the ladder (sugar to phosphate)

  11. DNA Double Helix

  12. RNA • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)-single stranded; types are mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA • involved with forming proteins • made of monomers called nucleotides (made of a phosphate group, nitrogen base, and a 5-carbon sugar (ribose) ) • Contain a nitrogen base called Uracil and DOES NOT CONTAIN Thymine: • So, in RNA… • A-U • C-G

  13. Deoxyribose vs. Ribose sugars

  14. The nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA

  15. RNA vs. DNA structure

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