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The I ntegumentary System

The I ntegumentary System. 1 organ + accessory organs. Skin is an organ Accessory organs Hair follicles Sebaceous glands Sweat glands nails. Like other organs. Skin is made of many tissues Has many functions. Cutaneous Membrane. Another name for skin

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The I ntegumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System

  2. 1 organ + accessory organs • Skin is an organ • Accessory organs • Hair follicles • Sebaceous glands • Sweat glands • nails

  3. Like other organs • Skin is made of many tissues • Has many functions

  4. Cutaneous Membrane • Another name for skin • What are the other two epithelial membranes? • Hint: end of chapter 5 Serous Mucous

  5. Functions • Protection • Excretion • Maintain homeostasis • Sensory reception • Blood reservoir • immunity Memorize this!!

  6. 2 Distinct Regions • Epidermis • Dermis

  7. Functions • Physical Barrier • Water loss • Injury • Chemicals & microbes

  8. Chemical Barrier • pH of 5-6 • Prevents microorganism growth

  9. Biological Barrier • Langerhan’s cells • Macrophages and mast cells

  10. Excretion • Urea – waste product from metabolizing protein (colorless, odorless). Excreted in sweat and urine. Used in cosmetic products. • Uric acid (guano) – different chemical compound. Leads to kidney stones. Only excreted through urine. Minimal compared to kidneys 99% water

  11. Regulate Body Temperature • Too hot? • Too cold? Vessels constrict and sweating stops RADIATION and DILATION

  12. Cutaneous Sensation

  13. Nerve Fibers • Associated with muscles, glands and sensory receptors.

  14. Vitamin D Synthesis

  15. Blood Reservoir

  16. Structure of Epidermis BOYS SAY GIRLS LOVE CHOCOLATE

  17. Keritanization • Process that converts basale skin cells into dead, flattened, hardened bags of keratin protein. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKosGSm7Ps4

  18. Melanocytes

  19. Epidermis • Main Job: Protection • Waterproofing • Protect lower layers from trauma • Barrier against microorganisms and chemicals

  20. Dermis • Papillary layer (20%) • Loose areolar CT • Reticular layer (80%) • Dense irregular CT

  21. Papillary Layer Papillary layer Reticular Layer

  22. Dermal Papilla = fingerprints

  23. Reticular Layer Meissner’s Corpuscle Pacinian Corpuscle

  24. Subcutaneous Layer(hypodermis) Adipose Tissue And Loose CT

  25. Accessory Organs I Hair papilla

  26. Hair • Root vs. shaft • Growth influenced by nutrition and testosterone • Alopecia

  27. Accessory Organs II Specialized Epithelial Cells

  28. Accessory Organs III • Skin glands • Sebaceous • Sudoriferous (Sweat) • Merocrine • Apocrine Stinky and associated with hair follicles

  29. Sudoriferous Glands • Eccrineor Sweat Glands • (Merocrine)

  30. Sudoriferous Glands • Apocrine glands – found in axillary regions

  31. Sebaceous (Oil) Glands • Secrete sebum oil • Blackheads & Acne

  32. Accessory Organs • All of these accessories are located in the dermis, but they are derived from embryonic epidermal cells!

  33. Skin Color • Melanin production controlled by several genes. • UV exposure darkens melanin and stimulates melanocytes to produce more pigment

  34. Darker or Lighter? • Same # melanocytes • More melanin • Large, single pigment granules • Same # melanocytes • Less melanin • Smaller granules in groups of 2 to 4

  35. Melanin • Brown or black • Protects deeper layers from UV • Freckles • Albinism • Vitiligo

  36. Other pigments • Carotene in the dermis • Hemoglobin in capillaries

  37. Skin Color Clues Cyanosis • Cyanosis • Jaundice • Erythema • Pallor • Bronzing • Bruises Jaundice Erythema

  38. Healing Wounds • Shallow Cuts • Increased production in stratum basale • Deeper Cuts • Inflammation • Blood clotting • Scabbing • Fibroblast infiltration • Scab falls off

  39. Wound Healing Injury GRANULATION Tissue (vessel + fibroblasts) Scab = dried blood and tissue Blood leaves vessels Clot forms FIBROBLASTS form new CT Scab falls off

  40. Granulation Tissue

  41. Healing burns • First degree (superficial partial-thickness) • Epidermis only • Redding from increased blood flow • Mild pain • Heals in a few days or weeks

  42. 2nd Degree Burns(Deep Partial-thickness) • Epidermis and Dermis • Redness, Blisters • Moderate Pain • Heals in 2-6 weeks without scars

  43. 3rd Degree Burn • Full-thickness burn • Possible subcutaneal damage • Prolonged heat or chemical contact • Requires a graft

  44. Life-Span Changes • Patches of pigments (AGE SPOTS) • Wound repair is slower • Less oil • Slowed melanin production = gray hair • Less Vitamin D synthesis • Shrinking vessels & glands • Shrinking dermis & loss of fat = wrinkles & sagging • Fewer pain/pressure receptors

  45. Skin Cancer • Basal Cell Carcinoma • Originates from basal cell keratinocytes • Open sores, red patch, bump or scar • Over 40, light skin • Can be disfiguring but not life threatening

  46. Skin Cancer • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Least malignant & most common • Keratinocytes in stratum spinosum

  47. Skin Cancer • Cutaneousmelanoma • Cancer of melanocytes • Fair skinned people who get a few blistering sunburns

  48. Don’t forget your sunscreen.

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