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Bellringer Tuesday

Bellringer Tuesday. Get a map off the table below & complete the following. Label your map with the names of the states. Shade Union states Blue Shade Confederate States Red Shade “border states” yellow. Group task…. 10 – 15 minutes. Work in groups of 3 – 4.

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Bellringer Tuesday

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  1. Bellringer Tuesday • Get a map off the table below & complete the following. • Label your map with the names of the states. • Shade Union states Blue • Shade Confederate States Red • Shade “border states” yellow.

  2. Group task…. 10 – 15 minutes • Work in groups of 3 – 4. • You will be assigned a side, North or South. • Using your map & knowledge, work with your group to come up with a plan/strategy to defeat your enemy. • Things to consider: geography, what does this region depend on to sustain their economy, what are their weaknesses/strengths • Obviously your goal is to win. How will you do that?—It is 1861! So, no nukes!!

  3. The Confederate Strategy • A Defensive War of Attrition: • Goal: Force Union to spend its men & resources until they grow tired of it • Achieve this by: Defend the country, fight only nec. Battles; rarely attack • Problems with strategy: unpopular w/ Southerners who wanted to fight; resulted in sudden offensives costing lives

  4. The Union Plan • Anaconda Plan: Winfield Scott • Goal: slowly strangle South • Achieve this through: • Blockade of ports- hurt trade & foreign aide • Cut supplies, equip.,money, food, cotton • Control Miss. River w/ gunboats • Capture N. Orleans, Vicksburg, & Memphis • Divide E. & W. states & conquer • Problems: To slow

  5. The First Modern War • Changes in weaponry • Rapid fire weapons– Gatling gun • ironclad ships • Subs (experimental) • Telegraph & aerial observations • Fighting techniques • Trenches • photojournalists

  6. 1st Battles…1861 • July 1861: 1stManasses/1st Bull Run • S: battle names after closest town • N. : nearest water (creek, river, harbor, etc) • Conf. victory • “Stonewall” Jackson gets his name & rep. • Rest of year “skirmishs”; nobody really “winning”; Conf. better year.

  7. 1862… • Union pushes South • March 9th, VA. Coast • Monitor (North) vs. Merrimack (South) • Conf. develop “ironclad” steamship, N. copies • Monitor arrives to face Merrimack; conflict a draw • Significance: Naval warfare changed forever- wooden ships obsolete!

  8. The Merrimac

  9. Battle of Shiloh • Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. • April 6 – 7 • Conf. : led by Gen. Johnston vs. Union. Ulysses Grant • Grant heading to Corinth, Miss. impt. Rr junction; stops at Pittsburg landing; Johnston’s surprise attack, Conf. push Union back to Tenn.; Grant counters • Signif: Union vict. (barely) high Conf. & Union losses! (over 20,000) South gives up hope of recovering Tenn. & the North of winning fast!

  10. Naval Warfare • Blockade- effective but not perfect • Blockade runners- small, fast ships used to smuggle • Conf. ships in foreign ports sink U.S. ships • The Alabama – sank 64 union merchant ships • The Florida- 38 • Signif: hurt N. econ & strained U.S./British relations

  11. Naval warfare continued • April 1862: Union attacks N. Orleans to control Miss. Riv. • Led by: David G. Farragut • Daring attack facing 2 Conf. forts & and 80 guns, fire-rafts, & gunboats • Signif: Union controls N. Orleans– key port & heads up river!

  12. 1862 • McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign: (362) • Slow, cautious • 30 days for Yorktown • Major losses 7 Days • Goal: Richmond • Outcome: Lincoln orders McClellan retreat • McClellan replaced by Gen. Pope

  13. 1862 • Aug.: 2nd Manassas/Bull Run • Lee wants to deal w/ Pope • Conf. Generals attack & raid him • Pope & “Stonewall” Jackson face off • Outcome: • Conf. victory • Union retreats/takes massive losses • Lincoln brings McClellan back • Clara Barton

  14. What do you think…. • At this point in the war, do you think Lee should invade the North? • What possible advantages could it have? • What disadvantages?

  15. Sept. 17, 1862 Antietam, Maryland • *** Major turning point!!

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