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Exploring the Spiritual and Cultural Fabric of India and Spain

This chapter delves into the profound spiritual doctrines and rich cultural traditions of India and Spain. In India, it covers major religions, including Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, with their tenets on suffering, nonviolence, and liberation. It highlights the fusion of modernity with cultural heritage, seen through the lens of cuisine and the evolving role of call centers. In Spain, the influence of historical events on culture is explored, focusing on the iconic bullfight ritual and the complexities of Spanish individualism versus collectivism.

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Exploring the Spiritual and Cultural Fabric of India and Spain

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  1. India, Spain, PortugalChapter 10

  2. India

  3. Location

  4. Buddhism • Started by Siddharta Gautama • Found enlightenment under forest trees of the Himmalayas • Four Noble Truths: All of life is suffering; the cause of suffering is desire; the end of desire leads to the end of suffering; the means to end desire is a path of discipline and meditation

  5. Jainism • Attained major status with prince Mahavira • Nearly 4 million followers • Way to liberation is to live a life of nonviolence and renunciation. • Animals, plants , and human beings have living souls and each of these souls has an equal value. • Strict Vegetarians.

  6. Shikhism • Considered to be the youngest of the world religions • Founded by Guru Nanak around 500 years ago. • 23 million followers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jJMckAz0nQ

  7. Zoroastrianism (Parsis) • One of the oldest religions in the world. • From Persia (Iran) • Most live in Mumbai. • Believe existence of one invisible god. • Continuous war between good forces and evil forces.

  8. Zoroastrianism (Parsis) • God is represented in temples through fire, symbolizes light • Good will win if people do good deeds, thing positively and speak well

  9. Festivals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNmBhP1LyHg

  10. Indian Cuisine • Integral part of Indian culture • Part of weddings, festivals, and day-to- day living • Multiple courses include chutneys, dips, and desserts

  11. Cell Phones • Cell phones become extremely popular 1900-2000’s • Fastest growing cell phone market • 2006, overtook China in the number of new telephone subscribers per month

  12. Call Centers • English dedicated as official language of southern India • Many U.S. corporations outsource customer service because of India’s skill with English • Attractive salaries for young people

  13. Call Centers • Work at night in India when it is daytime in the U.S. • Dual Identity • Employee turnover is high • Changed the culture for young people, more western style

  14. Call Center (Downside) • Young people less likely to follow religious functions • Percieved by peers to have limited education opportunities

  15. Cricket • Team sport of 11 players on two teams • Great deal of nationalistic fervor • Introduced to India by the British in 1721

  16. The Spanish Bullfight

  17. Ritual of the corrida • Paseillo • Hierachical march, to the pasodoble • Cuadrillas • Banderilleros • Picadores • Banderillas • Matador • Muleta • Finale

  18. History • Minoan culture 2000 BCE • Roman circus • Moors • An example of the confluence of cultures on the Iberian peninsula

  19. la corrida de toros • History • Ritual • Pride • Individualism and Collectivism • Emotionalism

  20. Multiple Cuadrillas • Major waves and successions of people • The Romans (200 BCE) • Christianity • Infrastructure • Castilian • Hispania  España

  21. The Moors • 700 year presence • 4,000+ modern Spanish words • Agriculture • Arroz (al ruzz) • Aceite (al zait) • Naranja (naranj) • Irrigation • Mathematics • Medicine

  22. Moorish Architecture

  23. Ritual of the bullfight • Seizure of Granada in 1492 • At times out of control (Spanish Inquisition) • Religion is still incredibly important • 90% Catholic, ½ the population attend mass • Still strictly individualistic, with Spanish flair • Personal relationship with God • Definite Moorish influence • si Dios quiere • ojalá • Washa’ allah • Roman influence - paganism

  24. The drive toward collectivism • Spurred by the many invasions • Safety and security • Strong societal bonds • Social programs • Ultimate unit – family, friends, town or region • Women’s roles • Men’s roles

  25. Sol y Sombra • Three ticket choices at la corrida • Sol • Sombra • Sol y Sombra

  26. Geographic split • Foreign influences and geographic barriers • Gallego (Galician) • Castellano (Castilian) • Vasco (Basque) • Catalán (Catalonian)

  27. Flamenco • Soul and emotion • Individual and collective identity • Every region has its own version • But every one is still distinctly flamenco Malagueñas – from Málaga http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTXa6FFnPI0&feature=fvsr

  28. Spanish Culture and Attitude • Pride and Spanish individualism produces a number of outcomes for Spanish culture • “Because Spaniards refuse to subordinate their personal beliefs to a collective goal, and because everyone has to have a say in everything, there is a tendency for nothing ever to get done.” • Gestor • work is seen as a means to an end, not an end to itself

  29. negocios • Negocio – the Spanish term for business, translates as “the negation of leisure” • Children are brought up to enjoy leisure and travel – not to get jobs and be independent • Pride • Being fashionable (like the matadors) • Individualistic, with a respect of hierarchy • paseillo

  30. haciendonegocios • Improvements since Franco • 1986 joined EU • Women now make up half of university enrollment • Working hours • The withering tradition of siesta • 9-1 & 3-8 • Relationships • Pride and individualism • Patience for mañana

  31. Three important elements • Cara • Individualism • Uncertainty avoidance • Two sided card(present to receptionist also) • Multiple names • Patriarchal - Father’s first surname (usually on its own) • Mother’s first surname

  32. Be on time • Respect hierarchy • Form relationships first!!! • Meals and public spaces • Know your facts and demonstrate order • Be modest – do not be overly assertive

  33. Long live the Matador!

  34. Portugal

  35. Portugal

  36. Demographics • Size: 92,090 sqkm • Nationality: Portuguese • Language: Portuguese • Population: 10,781,459

  37. History • Portugal's History

  38. Government • Government: Parliamentary Democracy • Chief of State: President AnibalCavaco Silva • Head of government: Prime Minister Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho

  39. Economy • Member of NATO and EU • GDP fell again in 2011 • Lack of foreign investment

  40. Portuguese Bullfight • Portuguese Bull Fighting • Cultural Characteristics: • Pride in Traditions • Stratification Amid Unity • Artistry and Human Gore • Profitless Bravery

  41. Pride in Traditions • Traditional attire • Community and Church • 97% are Catholic • Role of People • Men • Women • Society as a whole

  42. Stratification Amid Unity • Critical that the group is successful • Importance of family • Closeness • Lunch (family and work) • Socializing with others

  43. Artistry and Human Gore • Art • Ceramics and tiles • Architecture • Bullfight as an art form • Spanish vs. Portuguese bull fighting

  44. Profitless Bravery • No profit • Saving face

  45. Conducting Business • Bribery is common • Critical to develop relationships • Detail oriented • Importance of duplication • Stubborn but persistent • Globalization

  46. References • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html

  47. Measuring industry drivers

  48. Measuring Industry Globalization Drivers Four types of industry globalization drivers: • Market • Cost • Government • Competitive Measures vary, but most can be quantified.

  49. Market globalization drivers Requires both qualitative and quantitative estimates. • Common customer needs • Global customers and channels • Transferable marketing • Lead countries

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