History of Health Care

1. History of Health Care Bio-Med Academy

2. What does it mean to be healthy? Bio-Med Academy

3. Primitive Times4000 BC- 3000 BC • Illness and disease caused by supernatural spirits and demons • Tribal witch doctor • Morphine • Digitalis • Bore a hole in skull to treat insanity or headache Bio-Med Academy

4. Primitive Times What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy

5. Ancient Greeks1200 BC- 200 BC • Began modern medical science by observing the human body and effects of disease Bio-Med Academy

6. Ancient Greeks • 1200 BC - Asclepius known as the Greek god of healing. People went to his temple to pray for cures. • In time priest healers adopted the symbol of Asclepius • Symbol evolved into an insignia called the caduceas. Bio-Med Academy

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8. Ancient Greeks • Biochemist Alcamaeon in 6th century BC identified the brain as the physiological site of the senses Bio-Med Academy

9. Ancient Greeks Hippocrates • Practiced and taught medicine around 400 B.C. • Father of Medicine • Developed and organized methods to observe the body • Recorded signs and symptoms of many disease Bio-Med Academy

10. Ancient Greeks • Hippocrates students followed a strict ethical code. • Followers swore they would maintain their client’s privacy and never deliberately harm them. • This code of ethics, the Hippocratic Oath, continues today. Bio-Med Academy

11. Ancient Greeks • Aristotle (384-322 BC) dissected animals and is called founder of comparative anatomy. • Believe illness is a result of natural causes • Used massage, art therapy, and herbal treatments • Stressed diet and cleanliness to prevent diseases Bio-Med Academy

12. Ancient Greeks What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy

13. Ancient Romans753 BC- 410 AD • First to organize medical care for soldiers • Early hospitals developed • Began public health and sanitation systems. Bio-Med Academy

14. Ancient Romans Claudius Galen- 129-199 BC • Egyptian trained • Appointed as physician to the gladiators during the second century. • Dissected animals and determined function of muscles, kidney, and bladder • Used his skill as a surgeon to treat the injured Bio-Med Academy

15. Ancient Romans • Documented the importance of the spinal cord to the movement of limbs • He described how to cure breathing difficulties with a tracheotomy • Based his practice on the teachings of Hippocrates Bio-Med Academy

16. Ancient Romans • Galen’s manuscripts were hand copied and used in physician training for centuries. Bio-Med Academy

17. Ancient Romans What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy

18. Dark Ages400-800 AD • Emphasis was placed on saving the soul and the study of medicine was prohibited. • Prayer and divine intervention • Monk and priests • Medications were herbal mixtures Bio-Med Academy

19. Dark Ages What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy

20. Middle Ages800-1400 AD • Renewed interest in the medical practice of Greeks and Romans • Bubonic Plague • Major Diseases • Small pox • Tuberculosis • Malaria Bio-Med Academy

21. Middle Ages • Persian doctor named Rhazes discovered the difference between smallpox and measles. • Blood was the cause of many infectious diseases • His works were used until the 1800’s Bio-Med Academy

22. Middle Ages The Barber-Surgeon • Performed surgery to treat cataracts • Practiced phlebotomy • Served with the military and treated injuries • Amputated limbs Bio-Med Academy

23. Middle Ages • Symbol left over from the time when barbers were surgeons. Bio-Med Academy

24. Middle Ages • Regulation of medical care began • Physicians were licensed after formal training with experienced doctors Bio-Med Academy

25. Middle Ages Women were not allowed to practice medicine. • 14th century- Jacoba Felicie who was tried for practicing medicine without a license. • She defended herself by explaining that women were sometimes embarrassed to see a male physician Bio-Med Academy

26. Middle Ages Religion and Medicine • Both Christian and Muslim teachings encourage the care for those in need. Bio-Med Academy

27. Middle Ages • 13th century, there were scores of hospitals in the Muslim world • Each hospital had separate wards for different illnesses, trained nurses, and stores of medication Bio-Med Academy

28. Middle Ages What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy

29. The Renaissance1350-1650 AD • Rebirth of science of medicine • Dissection of human body Bio-Med Academy

30. The Renaissance • Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo • Used dissection to draw human body • Development of the printing press • First anatomy book Bio-Med Academy

31. The Renaissance What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy

32. 16th and 17th Centuries • Causes of disease were still unknown and many people died from infections • Apothecaries (early pharmacist) made, prescribed, and sold medications Bio-Med Academy

33. 16th and 17th Centuries What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy

34. Industrial Revolution 18th and 19th Century • Changes came about due to the introduction of machines • Blood cells, bacteria, and protozoa could now be seen with a microscope Bio-Med Academy

35. The Industrial Revolution • Doctors discovered capillaries • Stethoscope was invented Bio-Med Academy

36. The Industrial Revolution The connection between health and the environment was made. • Edwin Jenner discovered that milkmaids exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox • In 1796 began inoculating people with the fluid from cowpox blisters, and the vaccination was born. Bio-Med Academy

37. The Industrial Revolution Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) • Carried out experiments that become the basis for modern microbiology • Pasteurization of milk and other food products Joseph Lister (1827-1912) • Ridiculed for insisting the use of soap to disinfect instruments and cleaning hands before doctors moved to another client • Today it is called “medical asepsis” Bio-Med Academy

38. The Industrial Revolution Robert Koch (1843-1910) • Discovered that pathogens, disease producing microorganisms, are the source of some diseases. • Proved Lister was correct Bio-Med Academy

39. Industrial Revolution • The development of ether as an anesthesia during this period made painless surgery possible. Bio-Med Academy

40. Industrial Revolution What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy

41. Modern Times20th Century • Electronics and computer science changed clinical medicine • Advances in engineering, chemistry, and physics have contributed to current medical practice Bio-Med Academy

42. Modern Times • Brainstorm: What new medications, diagnostic techniques, and treatments contribute to our good health today? Bio-Med Academy

43. Modern Times • Antibiotics • Radium used for cancer treatment was discovered Bio-Med Academy

44. Modern Times • X-rays gained importance in noninvasive diagnoses • Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan) • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Ultrasound or sonographic imaging Bio-Med Academy

45. Modern Times • Organ transplants are now common • Artificial organs is progressing • In vitro fertilization allows infertile couples to have children Bio-Med Academy

46. Modern Times • Electronic communication transmits information in the “blink of an eye” • Physicians and clients do not need to be in the same room to confer • Surgeries are performed with intricate computerized equipment Bio-Med Academy

47. Modern Times • Learning and adapting to change are necessary to maintain competency in the high-tech environment of modern health care. The only certainty in health care today is change!!! Bio-Med Academy

48. Modern Times What is the average life span? Bio-Med Academy