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The President

The President. 11/4-5/09. In the Constitution. Is addressed in Article II of the Constitution “The executive power shall be vested in the President of the United States of America” Natural born citizen, 35 years old, 14 years in the United States, elected by majority of electoral college

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The President

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  1. The President 11/4-5/09

  2. In the Constitution • Is addressed in Article II of the Constitution • “The executive power shall be vested in the President of the United States of America” • Natural born citizen, 35 years old, 14 years in the United States, elected by majority of electoral college • The Framers argued whether the President should be elected by congress or the people • The framers tried to find a republican solution and make the president responsible to state and national legislators rather than directly to the electorate. • The president was strengthened with a shift in the 1830’s away from the caucus system towards the convention system.

  3. Expressed Powers • Military • Section 2“Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the US, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the US.” • Judicial • Section 2“Power to grant reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the US, except in Cases of Impeachment.” • Diplomatic • Section 2“Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties.” Section 3, “receive Ambassadors and other public ministers.” • Executive • Section 3 president is to see to it that all the laws are faithfully executed, section 2 gives the pres the power to appoint, remove, and supervise all executive officers and all federal judges • Legislative • Section 7 and 3 give the president the power to participate authoritatively in the legislative process.

  4. Judicial Power • The presidential power to grant reprieves, pardons, and amnesties involves the power of life and death over all individuals who may be a threat to the security of the US. • Ford pardoned Nixon • Carter granted amnesty to draft evaders in 1977 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_W._Bush • Think, Pair, Share: Does this seem like something that the president should be able to do? Why or why not?

  5. Diplomatic Power • The pres is america’s “head of state” • He can negotiate treaties, receive ambassadors, • Executive agreement- an agreement between the pres and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate’s “advice and consent”

  6. Executive Power • The president appoints all executive officers with the approval of the senate • Executive privilege- the claim that confidential communications between the president and the president’s close advisors should not be revealed without the consent of the president.

  7. Delegated Powers • As the power of the government has expanded since FDR’s new deal the congress has delegated more and more responsibility to the President • Since the New Deal the congress has given agencies more authority since they are supposed to have expertise in given areas

  8. Legislative Initiative • Legislative initiative- the president’s inherent power to bring legislative agenda before congress • Executive orders- the rules or regulations issued by the president that have the effect and formal status of legislation • Nixon, established EPA • Roosevelt, established the executive office of the Pres • Reagan, provided regulatory reform process that has been responsible for deregulation • Journal Writing- Does it seem like the president does very much to legislate (write laws)? *lex, legis m means Law in Latin!!!!

  9. Presidential History • The Legislative Epoch: 1800-1933 • The 3 branches competed and balanced each other and left little room for powerful presidents • Jackson and Lincoln are exceptions to this rule • The New Deal and the Presidency • Roosevelt’s new deal revolutionized the role of government in people’s lives

  10. The President The White House Staff Executive Office of the President White House Office US Trade Representative Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Administration Council of Economic Advisors Council on Environmental Quality National Security Council Office of Science and Technology Policy President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board Office of National Drug Control Policy The Cabinet Department of Justice Department of Defense Department of State Department of HHS Dept of Treasury Dept of Agriculture Dept of Homeland Sec Dept of Housing and U.D. Dept of Interior Dept of Commerce Dept of Labor Dept of Education Dept of Transportation Dept of Energy Dept of Veterans Affairs Independent Establishments and Government Corporations

  11. The Cabinet • The Cabinet- The secretaries, or chief administrators, of the major departments of the government. Cabinet secretaries are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate. • Secretaries are answerable to the president • The must be approved by the senate

  12. National Security Council • “inner cabinet” • President, vp, sec of state, sec of defense, sec of treasury, attorney general, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and director of national intelligence • Pres. Obama, VP Joe Biden, Hillary Clinton Sec of State, Tim Geithner Sec of Treasury, Robert M. Gates Sec of Defense, James L. Jones National Security Advisor

  13. The Executive Office of the President • EOP • Office of Management and Budget (OMB) • Very important office which must approve all government spending and puts together the president’s budget proposal for every year. • Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) • National Security Council (NSC) • The Office of the Vice President (OVP) • Usually chosen to help bring at least one state in the election • 2 jobs • Be there if the Pres dies and Preside over the senate and cast a tiebreaking vote Peter Orszag-Director of OMB

  14. Regulatory Review • Congress sometimes has laws which are very specific and lay out all rules on how they should be implemented • Often though, congress says “here is the problem. Deal with it.” • The executive agencies are often left to create rules and interpret the intent. The White House often takes on this role.

  15. Executive Orders • The president often makes executive decrees (often in times of emergency) if it is within the bounds of the constitution and is in pursuance of his constitutional responsibilities. • Ex • Emancipation Proclamation • Military Desegregation • Peace Corps Journal Writing- Does this sound like it is too much power for the President? Why or why not?

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