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“Connecting the dots”

“Connecting the dots”. How do articulatory processes “map” onto acoustic processes?. Model assumes No coupling with Nasal cavity trachea & pulmonary system. Stevens and House (1955). Model parameters Distance of major constriction from glottis ( d 0 ) Radius of major constriction ( r 0 )

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“Connecting the dots”

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  1. “Connecting the dots” How do articulatory processes “map” onto acoustic processes?

  2. Model assumes No coupling with Nasal cavity trachea & pulmonary system Stevens and House (1955)

  3. Model parameters Distance of major constriction from glottis (d0) Radius of major constriction (r0) Area (A) and length (l) of lip constriction A/l conductivity index Stevens and House (1955) Figure 1.

  4. Comparing model to real vocal tract

  5. Stevens and House (1955) Figure 2.

  6. Key Goal of Study • Evaluate the effect of systematically changing each of these three “vocal tract” parameters on F1-F3 frequency

  7. F3 Formant Frequency (KHz) F2 F1 Figure 3. Point of Constriction (d0) (cm from glottis)

  8. F3 F2 Formant Frequency (KHz) F1 Figure 3. Point of Constriction (d0) (cm from glottis)

  9. NOTE Single intersection between F1 & F2 in most cases A/l Point of constriction Figure5.

  10. A/l Figure 5. Point of constriction

  11. A/l Point of constriction Figure 7.

  12. ∆ d0 = ∆Vfront & Vback ↑ d0 =↓ Vfront = ↑F2 ↑ d0 =↑Vback = ↓ F1 General Observations

  13. ↓ r0 =↓ F1 ↑ r0 =↑F1 When d0 ↑(anterior) ↓ r0 =↓ Vfront= ↑F2 General Observations ↑lip rounding = ↓A/l = ↓ F1 & F2

  14. + d0 - - r0 +

  15. “normalizing” formant values

  16. Clinical Example

  17. Acoustic variables related to the perception of vowel quality • F1 and F2 • Other formants (i.e. F3) • Fundamental frequency (F0) • Duration • Spectral dynamics • i.e. formant change over time

  18. How helpful is F1 & F2? From Hillenbrand & Gayvert (1993)

  19. How does adding more variables improve pattern classifier success? • F1, F2 + F3 • 80-85 % • F1, F2 + F0 • 80-85 % • F1, F2 + F3 + F0 • 89-90 %

  20. Nearby vowels have different durations How about Duration?

  21. What about Duration?

  22. What about Duration? Some examples

  23. What about formant variation?

  24. What about formant variation?

  25. What about formant variation? Naturally spoken/hAd/ Synthesized, preserving original formant contours Synthesized with flattened formants

  26. What about formant variation? Conclusion: Spectral change patterns do matter.

  27. What do we conclude?

  28. Sinewave Speech Demonstration Sinewave speech examples (from HINT sentence intelligibility test):

  29. Selected issues that are not resolved • What do listener’s use? • Specific formants vs. spectrum envelope • What is the “planning space” used by speakers? • Articulatory • Acoustic • Auditory

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