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Knop : Knop’s solution, inorganic salt nutrition

Knop : Knop’s solution, inorganic salt nutrition. 1902 Haberlandt (Austria): Cultivate isolated plant cells in vitro on an artificial medium. Concept of “ Totipotency ”.

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Knop : Knop’s solution, inorganic salt nutrition

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  1. Knop: • Knop’s solution, inorganic salt nutrition

  2. 1902 Haberlandt (Austria): Cultivate isolated plant cells in vitro on an artificial medium Concept of “ Totipotency ” Plants can be separated into their component parts ( organs, tissues, or cells ), which can be manipulated in vitro and then grown back to complete plants. Father of Plant Tissue Culture 1922 Kotte (student of Haberlandt): Improve medium : sugar, Organic N-compounds

  3. Robbins (USA) : • Root tip culture - Pisum , Zea , and Gossypium • First success of culturing plant tissue in vitro • 1923 Robbins & Maneval: • Maintained maize roots for 20 weeks with the aid of • subcultures • 1926 Went: • Discovery of auxin • 1933Kogl, Haagen-Smit & Erxleben : • Isolation of IAA (indo-3-acetic acid)

  4. Gautheret • 1932Gautheret: • Root tip & root fragment culture • Gautheret: • Cambium culture ( woody plant ) • It can be maintained several months • Gautheret: • IAA promotes root growth • 1939 Gautheret: • Carrot explants develop to • undifferentiated mass (callus) and it •   can be maintained by repeated • subculture

  5. 1932 Root tip culture - Triticum 1934Indefinite culture of isolated roots Tomato - subculture / 7 days 1936 160 passages Importance of vitamin B complex in root culture ( use yeast extract ) 1939Procambial tissue culture  callus ( Nicotiana ) from small leaf and shoot 1942 Tumor culture  calluswithout hormone White

  6. Steward • Steward: • Carrot culture : • Quantitative analysis of culture growth • Discovered embryogenesis in vitro 1955 Steward & Shantz (in Cornell): Carrot root phloem in liquid medium  single cell suspension 1958 Whole plant ＊ Prove the concept of totipotency

  7. Carrot plants from root cells (Stewart, 1964)

  8. 1952Morel & Martin: First virus-free plant through shoot tips culture ( Dahlia ) 1960 Shoot tip culture of Cymbidium ＊ Propagation many plants from one plant

  9. 1954 Muir, Hildebrandt & Riker (in Wisconsin) : Suspension culture by reciprocal shaker( Nicotiana ) Single cell clone by nurse cell culture method

  10. 1955 Miller and Skoog Discovery of kinetin (the first cytokinin) Tobacco culture ---> bud formation 1957 Skoog & Miller : ＊auxin / cytokinin balance in root or shoot formation high kinetin ---> shoot high auxin ---> root

  11. Auxin / Cytokinin balance

  12. 1956 Nickell (Chas, Pfizer & Co. N.Y.): Single cell suspension culture of Phaseolus vulgaris ＊ Idea of producing plant alkaloids from tissue culture 1957 Tulecke : Pollen culture of Ginkgo biloba 1960 Bergmenn :Plating culture Nicotiana tobacum & Phaseolus vulgaris Single cell suspension culture --> plating in 0.6% agar medium, thin layer in petri dish --> cell divided to form colony

  13. Cocking :(UK) • Enzymatic isolation and • culture of protoplast

  14. 1962 Murashige & Skoog : Tobacco tissue culture • Mineral media: • 1. Macro element • 2. Micro element included Fe • 3. Vitamin • Micropropagation • ＊Development of MS medium

  15. Tobacco plants from single cells(Vasil & Hilderbrandt, 1965)

  16. Guha & Maheshwari :(India) • Anther culture ---> haploid plant • ( Datura ) ＊ One pollen grain ---> one plant • Niizeki & Oono :(Japan) • Haploid plant of rice • ＊ Started for plant breeding

  17. Nagata & Takebe :(Japan) • Plant regeneration from • tobacco protoplast • Carlson : • Somatic hybrid plant • from protoplst fusion • Nicotiana glauca + N. langsdorffii • ( 2n = 24 ) ( 2n = 18 ) • Somatic hybrid • (2n = 42 )

  18. Continue ………………… 1974: Zaenen (Ghent University, Belgium) Discovery of Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 1970-80s: Nester (USA), van Montago (Ghent Univ., Belgium) Ti plasmid analysis 1983: van Montago, Ghent University, Belgium) First transgenic plant. 1985: Monsanto (USA) Leaf disk transformation method (Monsanto)

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