MAKING COMPLETE SENTENCES

1. MAKING COMPLETE SENTENCES INDEPENDENT CLAUSES vs. EVERYTHING ELSE Freshman A English GRAMMAR BOOT CAMP!

2. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE = IND INDEPENDENT CLAUSE = COMPLETE SENTENCE SUBJECT +PREDICATE=COMPLETE SENTENCE NOUN + VERB (+ OBJECT+ RECEIVER) =INDEPENDENT Wheaton North is the best high school. The Falcons have the most spirit. Wheaton is a diverse city. American history has been created by diverse stories.

3. DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE TYPE #1: DCW starting with one of these words: after, although, as, before, even though, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while Examples for TYPE #1: Since I am a teacher = DCW BecauseFalcons are so cool = DCW Even though Wheaton is a suburb of Chicago = DCW

4. DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE TYPE #2: DCW starting with verbs. Knowing that I am an avid reader = DCW Enjoying a good book on a sunny day = DCW Reading literature about the world = DCW Completed SOAPSToneD for English class = DCW

5. DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE TYPE #3: Non-essentials Our class, the best class ever, won the Falcon spirit award! Wheaton North fans, the loudest fans of them all, stormed the football field. Chicago’s baseball fans, the most energetic, stormed U.S. Cellular, formerly known as Comiskey Park.

6. DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE TYPE #4: DCW that are select transition words: consequently, clearly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, also, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, on the contrary Clearly, Wheaton has changed over the last century. Nevertheless, Wheaton still maintains historic elements from the past.

7. Practice #1: IND or DCW? • Wheaton North has a reputation for having great students. • Because we all have identities • While we research world religions • We are learning advanced reading and writing skills. • Chicago has a long history of social inequality. • Knowing my homework is good for me. • Nevertheless • The loudest fans ever

8. Practice #1: IND or DCW? • IND • DCW • DCW • IND • IND • DCW • DCW • DCW

9. GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW (1) IND, FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) IND Coordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Wheaton North rules, and WWS are ok too. We are studying about different cultural practices, and we are learning how to be good readers and writers. Your Example: _____________________________________ (2) IND, DCW I went to a WWS game, knowing I am a Wheaton North fan. I cheered on the WWS team, even though I am a Wheaton North fan. WWS was playing a Naperville team. Your Example: ______________________________________

10. GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW (3) IND1, DCW, IND1 Chicago, the Windy City, is a fantastic city. Your Example: ___________________________ (4) DCW, IND Even though I have limited understanding of sports, I still enjoy the fan culture. Your Example: ___________________________

11. GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW Type #5: IND1 FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) DCW Wheaton North students are ready to learn and become future leaders. Your Example: ___________________________

12. Practice #2: Fix These!Make each a complete sentence. Be creative! (1) The best city. (2) Because we all have identities (3) While we research world religions (4) reading and writing skills. (5) the effects of social inequality. (6) Knowing my homework is good for me. (7) However (8) The loudest fans ever

13. Practice #2: Fix These! • Trade with a partner. • Partners: For each sentence, underline IND and circle DCW • Put a ? mark for sentences that do not follow the GOLDEN RULE! • Return to your partner.

14. Grammar Boot CampPart Two Semi-colons, colons, and other commas

15. GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW THE SEMI-COLON Rule #1: IND1;IND2. Montag struggles to challenge his dystopic society; this is an example of his attempt to break the cycle . Rule #2: IND; DCW,IND. We have been working hard; however, we still have much to learn. NEW IND

16. Practice #3: Semi-Colons Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are any. Some of these sentences need semi-colons. Add semi-colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE. • We learned how to use MLA format however, we could still use some practice. • Montag’s attempts to break the cycle of his society he knows there will be grave consequences. • We will be writing perfect paragraphs; our claims will focus on how characters break the cycle. • Katniss in The Hunger Games is the protagonist; Aibeleen is the protagonist of The Help.

17. Practice #3: Semi-Colons • We learned how to use MLA format; however, we could still use some practice. • Montag’s attempts to break the cycle of his society; he knows there will be grave consequences. • We will be writing perfect paragraphs; our claims will focus on how characters break the cycle. • Katniss in The Hunger Games is the protagonist; Aibeleen is the protagonist of The Help.

18. GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW COLON IND: DCW Rule #1: Use a colon before a DCW that is a list. • A colon is needed before these phrases: these are, there are, the following, as follows, such as , these things. • Ex: We are annotating for the following: essential questions, imagery-evoking syntax, and long versus short sentences. Rule #2: Use a colon before a DCW that is an explanation of the IND. • Ex: There is one golden rule: separate IND and DCW. • Ex: Mildred has one interest: the characters on her TV shows.

19. GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW COLON Rule #3: (Exception to IND:DCW) Use a colon before a long, formal quotation The narrator described Montag’s fire hose as he incinerates a house full of books: “With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history” (Montag 1).

20. Practice #4: Colons Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are any. Some of these sentences need colons. Add colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE. • Karen Armstrong described her definition of religions “A call to change human behavior” (Armstrong). • I recall one of the most controversial issues in human civilization: religion. • We have learned the following annotating for SOAPSToneD, writing with MLA format, and grammar. • I am going to one of my favorite places in the city The Art Institute Museum. • I plan on reading the following Fahrenheit 451, MacBeth, and other classics.

21. Practice #4: Colons Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are any. Some of these sentences need colons. Add colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE. • Karen Armstrong described her definition of religions: “A call to change human behavior” (Armstrong). • I recall one of the most controversial issues in human civilization: religion. NO CHANGE • We have learned the following: annotating for SOAPSToneD, writing with MLA format, and grammar. • I am going to one of my favorite places in the city: The Art Institute Museum. • I plan on reading the following: Fahrenheit 451, MacBeth, and other classics.

22. GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW OTHER COMMA USAGE Rule #1: Use a comma after every item in a series except the last. The items in a series may be single words, or phrases, or clauses. Ex: We have read about the following: different world religious structures, different cultural practices, and different belief systems. Rule #2:When two or more adjectives come before a noun, use a comma after each adjective except the last one. Ex: We might describe our own homes as comfortable, valuable places.

23. Practice #5: Other Comma Usage Rule #1:Use a comma after every item in a series except the last. The items in a series may be single words, or phrases, or clauses. Your Example: ___________________________ Rule #2:When two or more adjectives come before a noun, use a comma after each adjective except the last one. Your Example:___________________________

24. Grammar Bootcamp: Getting Grammar Fit! Daily Exercise: Keep a running log of these daily exercises in your binder. We will be doing “sets” of these exercises every week!  We work out!

25. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. Without really knowing the content of the books the firemen burnt the house down. • NO CHANGE • books with the firemen • books, the firemen • booking the firemen

26. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. Montag knew Beatty could kill Faber Montag chose to burn his problem. • NO CHANGE • Faber, Montag • Faber; Montag • Faber, Montag,

27. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. Beatty may have been a father figure to Montag before Montag chose to break the cycle however Faber is now a father figure for Montag, the rebel and fugitive. • NO CHANGE • the cycle however Faber • the cycle; however Faber • the cycle; however, Faber • the cycle, however, Faber

28. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. • NO CHANGE • Beatty, Montag’s fire, captain was • Beatty Montag’s fire captain, is • Beatty, Montag’s fire captain, is Beatty, Montag’s fire captain is ironically well-read, even though he preaches that reading is dangerous and useless.

29. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. • NO CHANGE • Socratic Seminars, way of, • Socratic Seminars a method, of • Socratic Seminar, a method of Our class has been doing a great job participating in Socratic Seminars a method of discussion that Aristotle once used in ancient Greece!

30. USING APOSTROPHES GRAMMAR BOOTCAMP!

31. DIAGNOSTIC: Make corrections for each of the following: 1) INCORRECT: Is this anybodys book? CORRECT: ______________2) INCORRECT: Who's dog is this?CORRECT: ______________3) INCORRECT: The group made it's decision.CORRECT: ______________ 4) INCORRECT: The geeses’ honks are loud. CORRECT: ______________

32. DIAGNOSTIC: Make corrections for each of the following: CORRECT: Is this anybody's book? CORRECT: Whose dog is this? CORRECT: The group made its decision. CORRECT: The geese’s honks are loud.

33. POSSESSIVE NOUNS: USE APOSTROPHES • Apostrophe Rule #1: add 's to the singular form of the word (even if it ends in -s):  The zoo’s animals are wild. • Apostrophe Rule #2: add 's to the plural forms that do not end in -s:  The geese’s honking is loud. • Apostrophe Rule #3: add ' to the end of plural nouns that end in -s:  Three friends’ letters arrived in the mail. • Apostrophe Rule #4: add 's to the last noun to show joint possession of an object:  Mrs. Delacruz and Ms. Guzdziol’s room is pretty.

34. PRACTICE: MAKE YOUR OWN • Apostrophe Rule #1: add 's to the singular form of the word (even if it ends in -s): ________________________________________________________ • Apostrophe Rule #2: add 's to the plural forms that do not end in -s: ________________________________________________________ • Apostrophe Rule #3: add ' to the end of plural nouns that end in -s: ________________________________________________________ • Apostrophe Rule #4: add 's to the last noun to show joint possession of an object: ________________________________________________________

35. Grammar Boot Camp: Part Three Common Errors in VERB TENSES Prepositions & Idioms

36. Tricky Verbs Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Arise Arose Arisen Begin Began Begun Choose Chose Chosen Dwell Dwelt/Dwelled Dwelt/Dwelled Flee Fled Fled Fling Flung Flung Know Knew Known Lay Laid Laid Lead Led Led Lie (to recline) Lay Lain Lie (tell fibs) Lied Lied Ride Rode Ridden Ring Rang Rung Rise Rose Risen See Saw Seen Shrink Shrank Shrunk Sink Sank Sunk Strive Strove/strived Striven/strived Swear Swore Sworn Take Took Taken Write Wrote Written

37. Prepositions & Idiomatic Usage • He can’t abide _____ the no-spitting rule. • It’s terrible to discriminate against parakeets. • She accused me of stealing. • I have a plan to escape from this prison. • I agreed to eat the broccoli. • There’s no excuse for your behavior. • I apologized _______ losing the hamsters. • You can’t hide _______ your past. • She applied for a credit card. • It was all he’d hoped _______. • She pretends to approve of my boyfriend. • I must insist __________ it. • She argued with the bouncer. • It’s impossible to object _______ her arguments. • I arrived at work ________ noon. • I refuse to participate _____ this discussion. • You believe in ghosts. • Pray for me.

38. Prepositions & Idiomatic Usage • He can’t abide by the no-spitting rule. • It’s terrible to discriminate against parakeets. • She accused me of stealing. • I have a plan to escape from this prison. • I agreed to eat the broccoli. • There’s no excuse for your behavior. • I apologized for losing the hamsters. • You can’t hide from your past. • She applied for a credit card. • It was all he’d hoped for. • She pretends to approve of my boyfriend. • I must insist upon it. • She argued with the bouncer. • It’s impossible to object to her arguments. • I arrived at work at noon. • I refuse to participate in this discussion. • You believe in ghosts. • Pray for me.

39. Prepositions & Idiomatic Usage • I can’t be blamed ______ your neuroses. • Protect me from evil. • Do you care about me? • Provide me with plenty ____ Skittles. • He’s in charge of grocery shopping. • She stayed home to recover _______ the flu. • Nothing compares to you. • I rely on myself. • What is there to complain ________? • She stared ________ his chest. • He can always count on money __________ his mommy. • He subscribes to several trashy magazines. • Ice cream consists of milk, fat, and sugar. • I succeeded __________ fooling him. • I depend on no one. • Wait for me! • That’s where cats differ ________ dogs. Work with me, people!

40. Prepositions & Idiomatic Usage • I can’t be blamed for your neuroses. • Protect me from evil. • Do you care about me? • Provide me with plenty of Skittles. • He’s in charge of grocery shopping. • She stayed home to recover from the flu. • Nothing compares to you. • I rely on myself. • What is there to complain about? • She stared at his chest. • He can always count on money from his mommy. • He subscribes to several trashy magazines. • Ice cream consists of milk, fat, and sugar. • I succeeded in fooling him. • I depend on no one. • Wait for me! • That’s where cats differ from dogs. Work with me, people!