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The Birth of the Airplane

The Birth of the Airplane. Dr. Charles H. Marston Professor Emeritus Department of Mechanical Engineering Villanova University. The Wright Brothers December 17, 1903. 3-Axis control Learn to fly System. Cayley’s Silver Disc 1799 Lift and Propulsion Separated.

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The Birth of the Airplane

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  1. The Birth of the Airplane Dr. Charles H. Marston Professor Emeritus Department of Mechanical Engineering Villanova University

  2. The Wright BrothersDecember 17, 1903 • 3-Axis control • Learn to fly • System

  3. Cayley’s Silver Disc1799Lift and Propulsion Separated

  4. Cayley’s Whirling ArmLift ~ sin(alpha)

  5. Cayley’s Model Glider1804Low aspect ratio fixed wing Adjustable tail

  6. Henson’s Aerial Steam Carriage 1843 London to India 30 Passengers 30 HP

  7. Otto LilienthalTested Airfoils Hang gliding Inspired the Wrights

  8. One of Lilienthal’s GlidersControlled by shifting weightFatal crashAug 1896

  9. Octave Chanute Civil Engineer Pratt Truss The Race forTrue Powered Flight

  10. Charles Manleyand Samuel Langley

  11. Drawing of Langley AerodromeDihedral for Lateral Stability

  12. Balzer-Manley Engine52 HP/207 lbm

  13. Wilbur Orville

  14. The 1900 Glider Flown as a KiteNote the angle of the tie line (enhanced)

  15. 1901 Glider 1/3 of Lift Adverse yaw

  16. DiscouragementPresentation to Engineer SocietyMust find causes of reduced lift

  17. Balance for measuring CLin the Wind Tunnel

  18. ’02 Wright Glider Flown as a Kite

  19. ’02 Glider in FlightVertical Rudder to correct adverse yaw

  20. Wright Brothers’ Engine12 HP/179 lbm

  21. The Wright Brothers’ PropellersDesigned as a series of airfoils Modern Copy tested at 80% efficiency

  22. Crunch Time Fall 1903

  23. Langley was aware of the Wright Brothers(and vice versa) • Invited Wright’s to Washington • No invitation to visit Kitty Hawk • Chanute was a friend of both teams

  24. Aerodrome Ready for First LaunchOctober 1903

  25. Aerodrome First LaunchOct 1903

  26. Aerodrome Second LaunchDec 1903

  27. Langley Doomed • Scaleup design • Wrong priorities • “All up” public testing • Remote management • Overhead expenses

  28. Kitty Hawk, NCNovember 28, 1903 Wilbur won the toss Over controlled Shaft failed

  29. Side View of Flyer

  30. First FlightDec 17,1903

  31. Success • Step-by-step “airman” R&D Progam • Complete System • Built on work of others • Remarkable insights • Gliders easy to repair • Less than $1000 out of pocket

  32. Plaque mounted near the Wright Flyer . . . the world's first power driven, heavier-than-air machine in which man made free, controlled, and sustained flight . . . By original scientific research the Wright brothers discovered the principles of human flight . . .

  33. Bleriot Headed for EnglandJuly 1909

  34. 100 th Anniversary

  35. The aerodrome flies, pilot: Curtiss

  36. Aerodrome Restored Now on display at the SmithsonianUdvar-Hazy Museum (Dulles Airport)

  37. The World Learns to Fly

  38. Derrick Catapult Lower air density in Dayton

  39. ’05 Flyer in Flight

  40. Santos DuMont 14bis1906

  41. Delagrange in Voisin-FarmanFirst flight in a closed circle in Europe May 1908

  42. Curtiss’ June Bug, 1 Km Flight for Sci. Am. PrizeJuly 1908

  43. 1908 Back in the Air • Test fly new airplanes at Kitty hawk • Wilbur to France • Orville to Washington, DC

  44. Wilbur overFranceAug 1908

  45. Orvilleover Fort Meyer Sept. 1908Army Contract

  46. Hubert Latham in Antoinette Ready to Fly the Channel

  47. Bleriot Headed for EnglandJuly 1909

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