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Matter and Change. Unit 2. Matter. Matter - anything that takes up space & has mass Properties of Matter (Substance) Mass : amount of matter an object contains
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Matter and Change Unit 2
Matter • Matter- anything that takes up space & has mass • Properties of Matter (Substance) • Mass: amount of matter an object contains • Physical property: quality of a substance that can be seen or measured without changing the substance’s composition, can be used t o identify a substance. • Color Density • Solubility (ability to dissolve) Melting point • Odor Boiling point • Hardness
Physical Properties of Matter- States of Matter • Solid: • matter that has definite volume & shape • Particles vibrate around a fixed position • Liquid: • matter that flows • has definite volume, not shape • Gas: • matter that has no definite volume or shape, takes the shape & volume of its container • Moves freely and randomly • Plasma: • high temperature state where the electrons are pulled away from the nucleus of the atom, called ionized gas • Moves freely and randomly
States of Matter- What state of matter is represented by each picture?
Physical Changes • A change in matter that does NOT change the composition of the substance • Melting/ Freezing • Boiling/ Condensing • CHANGING STATES OF MATTER IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE!!! • Dissolving • Break/ Cut/ Tear • Grind/ Crush
Chemical Change • A change in which one or more substances is changed into a different substance, something new is formed. • A chemical reaction
Examples • Burn/ explode • Rot/ decompose • Ferment • Digest • Corrode/ rust
Chemical Properties • Ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction and form something new • Flammability/ Immflamability • Reactivity • Oxidation • Acidity/ Basicity
Mixtures: physical blend of 2 or more substances • Heterogeneous mixture: not uniform in composition, can easily distinguish separate components • Homogeneous mixture: uniform in composition, cannot see each separate component
Solutions: Some Terms to Know • Solute: the stuff that gets dissolved • Solvent: the stuff doing the dissolving
Another Name for Homogeneous Mixture → Solutions • Types of Solutions (solute-solvent) • Gas-Gas: air (CO2 in N2) • Liquid-Gas: water vapor in air • Gas-Liquid: CO2 in soda • Liquid-Liquid: vinegar (acetic acid in water) • Solid-Liquid: salt water • Solid-Solid: sterling silver (copper in silver)
Separating a Mixture • 1. Physically removing pieces
Separating a Mixture • Distillation: a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed again to a liquid. Based on a mixture of 2 liquids that have different boiling points.
Separating a Mixture • Chromatography: used to separate a mixture in which the components or pigments are 2 or more different colors.