Download
1 / 50
500 likes | 511 Vues
Invasive Species. Emily Barnes Bio Skud Period 2/3. Agricultural Insect Invaders. nyis.info. Quick statics on. In the United States. Things that are affected in Pennsylvania.
E N D
Invasive Species Emily Barnes Bio Skud Period 2/3
Agricultural Insect Invaders nyis.info
Quick statics on... • In the United States • Things that are affected in Pennsylvania • thin-skinned, soft fruits such as raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, grapes, plums and cherries • Spotted lanternflies feed on sap from fruit trees, grape vines and various hardwoods. Spotted Lanternfly >70% 90% Spotted Lanternfly Spotted Wing Drosophila Spotted Wing Drosophila
Information What is a Spotted Lanternfly (SLF)? • SLF is an invasive pest from Asia. • It primarily feeds on tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) but can also feed on a wide variety of plants such as grapevine, hops, maple, walnut, fruit trees and others. • This insect could impact New York's forests as well as the agricultural and tourism industries. Identification: • Nymphs are black with white spots and turn red before transitioning into adults. • They can be seen as early as April. • Adults begin to appear in July and are approximately 1 inch long and ½ inch wide at rest, with eye-catching wings. • Their forewings are grayish with black spots. The lower portions of their hindwings are red with black spots and the upper portions are dark with a white stripe. • In the fall, adults lay 1-inch-long egg masses on nearly anything from tree trunks and rocks to vehicles and firewood. • They are smooth and brownish-gray with a shiny, waxy coating when first laid.
Questions? What ia a spotted lanternfly? Where did it come from? The spotted lanternfly is an invasive planthopper (a type of insect) in the U.S. It is native to certain parts of Southeast Asia. Are they a threat here? Spotted lanternflies feed on the sap of a plant and when there are high populations of them, they can cause significant damage. They feed on over 70+ plants, including important forestry and agricultural crops. Are spotted lanternflies dangerous to children and pets? Spotted lanternflies are not known to bite or sting or attack people, pets or livestock. And it is not known if spotted lanternflies are poisonous when ingested by humans or animals.
Information What is a Drosophila suzukii • This insect is a type of fruit fly can get up to 3mm • This fruit fly is a major pest in Europe and America • This bug infests fruits during the early ripening stage which leads to lots of rotten fruit • These bugs were brought here overseas • The means of taking care of this fly is picking ripe fruits as soon as possible • Properly discard the rotten fruit underground so the larva can't hatch still
Questions? Where did spotted wing drosophila come from? SWD is believed to be native to eastern Asia and has been detected along the Himalayan Mountains into central Asia. It was first documented as a crop pest in Japan in the early 1900s. See Asplen et al. 2015 for an overview of the history of SWD invasions. How long has spotted wing drosophila been in the United States? SWD was detected in Hawaii in 1980 and become very common by the 1990s, however it did not cause any known damage to crops. SWD was first detected in the continental United States in California in 2008 and rapidly spread throughout North America so that by 2012 it had been detected in all areas where host crops are grown. See Asplen et al. 2015 for an overview of the history of SWD invasions. Does spotted wing drosophila have pheromones? Spotted wing drosophila and other Drosophila species do not appear to use pheromones as long range attractants, unlike some moths or beetles. Some Drosophila species use a chemical called 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) as a short-range attractant. cVA is a male-specific attractant, but spotted wing drosophila does not produce cVA although they may have retained the ability to detect it. In other words, there are not pheromone-like attractants that we can use in trapping spotted wing drosophila or in mating disruption.
Aquatic Plants http://nyis.info/
Information What is a yellow flag iris • This plant has invaded wetland and other aquatic habitats • This plant is native to Europe, northern africa and Asia • This plant was imported to america because people thought it was a pretty ornament • This plant spreads really fast making it harder for other plants to live because of all the space they take • Ways of control are digging them up and removing the plant fully
Questions? Are yellow flag iris poisonous? Yes, they are very poisonous. The fresh root contains furfural, which may cause nausea and irritate the eyes and gastrointestinal tract. It may also cause headaches and inflammation of the eyes and throat. It also contains Iridin that is toxic to humans and livestocks. What kind of problems do they cause? • Colonizes natural waterways and wetland areas • Spreads in dense stands, outcompeting native plants • Compacts soil • Clogs irrigation systems and streams • Buoyant seeds spread long distances • Small sections of rhizomes establish new plants • Little wildlife value Why is the yellow iris an invasive species? Yellow iris can form dense stands with very thick mats of rhizomes and dead leaves that can displace native plants and change wetlands from a wet to a drier environment. The plant reduces habitat available for wildlife, including native fish habitat and bird nesting and rearing sites.
Silver Location
Location Bighead
Information What is the Asian Carp • The Asian carp is native to china • The carp came from the canal and made its way to new york • This fish effects local fish because the carp grows so fast and large • Sense the Asian carp grows so big it eats a lot of food making it other for other fish to survive • The methods of control are going and catching as many fish as possible and eating them
Questions? What are Asian Carp? “Asian carp” refers to several species of related fish that originated from Asia. As many as ten types of Asian carp are considered invasive around the world, but in the United States and Canada we use “Asian carp” to refer to four of these species – black carp, grass carp, bighead carp, and silver carp. What happens if Asian Carps enter the Great Lakes? We are concerned that if a self-sustaining population of Asian carp becomes established in the Great Lakes it will hurt native fish populations. The four species of Asian carp found in the United States are all fast growing and prolific feeders that are able to out-compete native fish for food, as well as alter the underwater environment so that it is uninhabitable for other native plants and animals. Silver carp also jump out of the water when agitated by the sound of a boat motor, which poses a safety hazard to recreational boaters Do Asian Carps have any predators? Since Asian carp are invasive species they have no natural predators in North American waters. Asian carp are only susceptible to predation when they are very young and still small. White pelicans and eagles have been observed feeding on small adult Asian carp, and largemouth bass have also been observed feeding on young Asian carp.
Insects http://nyis.info/
Walnut Twig Beetle; Thousand Cankers Disease
Information What is walnut twig beetle • This beetle is native to southwestern U.S • The bug came up here with shipment • This beetle kills so many trees and ruins tree life wherever it goes • This beetle is a Reddish brown and up to 2mm big • Not really a way to control them you are just supposed to watch your walnut wood
Questions? What is thousand cankers disease (TCD): TCD is caused by a fungal pathogen (Geosmithia morbida) vectored by the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis). How does thousand cankers disease kill a tree: Adult beetles carry the fungus on their bodies; the fungus enters the tree when beetles feed or bore into the bark and form galleries, where they spread the fungus; the fungus forms small cankers (areas of dead tissue) which disrupt nutrient and water flow. The fungus causes small cankers throughout the infested area of the tree. These coalescing cankers disrupt cambial and phloem function (i.e., nutrient and water flow) within the tree. Over several years and after thousands of cankers, trees die. How long does it take for thousand cankers disease to kill a tree: Trees die within two to three years after they begin to show symptoms of dieback and excessive wilting. However, it is important to note that the tree may have been infested with the beetle for 10 or more years before symptoms develop. How does thousand cankers disease spread: DON’T MOVE FIREWOOD! The fungus and the beetle can spread through transportation of infected/infested wood. Wood carvers should be diligent in ensuring that they obtain wood from non-infested/infected areas. Thousand cankers disease has not been shown to be spread by nuts or by nutmeat.
Information • Buckthorn thorns are native to Europe • They were brought to north America in the 1800 by ships • These shrubs are bad because they grow in thick hedges and block out light for the native shrubs • Buckthorn is bad for soybean plants because it kills them and uses there energy • They ways people try to get rid of these plants is burning, excavating or mowing
Questions? Are Common Buckthorn poisonous? The fruits of the alder buckthorn are very TOXIC, they should on no account be eaten, and the bark of the tree is likewise toxic. Are Common Buckthorn edible? Buckthorn berries are not a good food source. They're low in protein and high in carbohydrates and produce a severe laxative effect in some animals. For smaller birds, the laxative effect can even be strong enough to result in death. Is a Common Buckthorn a plant? Rhamnus cathartica, the buckthorn, common buckthorn or purging buckthorn, is a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Rhamnaceae. It is native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia, from the central British Isles south to Morocco, and east to Kyrgyzstan.
Information What is a garlic mustard • This is an invasive herb that has spread along much of the united states • This plant originating in Europe and asia • This plant takes two years to fully mature • This plant dominates other shrubs taking up much of forest ground • The only control for this plant is the animals that eat it
Questions? Where does garlic mustard come from and where is it now? Garlic mustard is native to Europe and is found from England east to Czechoslovakia and from Sweden and Germany south to Italy. It has spread from its original range and is now found in North Africa, India, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. As of 2000, garlic mustard was present in 34 states and 4 Canadian provinces. Within the U.S., the largest populations are in New England and the Midwest. Why is garlic mustard considered a problem? Garlic mustard is one of the few non-native herbs capable of invading and dominating forest understory communities. Its tolerance of low light levels, coupled with its high seed production and ability to spread rapidly, make garlic mustard a strong competitor. It diverts resources from native spring woodland ephemeral plants such as liverworts, toothworts, solomon-seal, trilliums, trout lily, sweet-cicely and many others. Because it begins growing very early in the spring, garlic mustard has a head start on other flowering plants and tree seedlings.
Information What is the mile a minute • This plant is native to india • This plant was brought over by trade not on purpose • This plant is so bad because it grows six inches a day taking up lots of space • This plant dominates other plants because it grows so much faster than the others • It is estimated that mile-a-minute weed is in only 20% of its potential U.S. range. • Hand-pulling of vines can be effective; ideally before the barbs harden, afterwards thicker gloves are needed. Pull and bale vines and roots as early in the season as possible. Let the piles of vines dry out completely before disposing. Later in the season, vines must be pulled with caution as the fruit could be knocked off or spread more easily. Collected plants can be incinerated or burned, left to dry and piled on site, or bagged and landfilled (least preferred). Dry piles left on site should be monitored and managed a few times each year, especially during the spring and early summer germination period to ensure any germinating seedlings are destroyed.
Questions? Is Mile-A-Minute poisonous? Mile-a-minute is an invasive, noxious weed from eastern Asia that is rapidly colonizing non-crop areas in Pennsylvania and surrounding states. Why is Mil-A-Minute a problem? A dense population of mile-a-minute weed reduces native vegetation by limiting a plant’s ability to photosynthesize and survive. Christmas tree farms are at risk because of the vine’s propensity to smother tree seedlings. Seeds may survive in the soil for up to 6 years, making eradication extremely difficult if not impossible. Where did MIle-A-Minute come from? Mile-a-minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata) is an invasive species in the Polygonaceae (smartweed) family that is native to Asia. It is believed to have been introduced to the United States in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, but the initial introductions failed to form permanent infestations.
Information • It is in the rose family • Multiflora rose, also known as rambler rose and baby rose, is native to eastern China, Japan, and Korea. • It was introduced to the U.S. from Japan in 1866 as rootstock for grafted ornamental rose cultivars. • The spread of multiflora rose increased in the 1930s, when it was introduced by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service for use in erosion control and as living fences, or natural hedges, to confine livestock. • It was also discovered to provide effective habitat and cover protection for pheasant, northern bobwhite, and cottontail rabbit and food for animals such as songbirds and deer. • These uses encouraged its distribution, usually via root cuttings, to landowners through State Conservation departments. • Multiflora rose has recently been planted in highway median strips to provide crash barriers and reduce headlight glare from oncoming traffic. • Its extensive, pervasive growth was soon discovered as a problem on pasture lands and fallow fields. • Currently, multiflora rose is found in 41 states and is classified as either a noxious weed, prohibited invasive species or banned, in 13 states, including Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. • It is also ranked among the top forest invasive plant species for the northeastern area by the US Forest Service.
Questions? Where did it come from? How did it get here? Multiflora rose was introduced from Japan, Korea, and eastern China in 1886 as rootstock for ornamental roses. In the 1930s it was widely promoted as a "living fence" for soil conservation and in wildlife programs. Present distribution is throughout the United States with the exception of the southeastern coastal plains, Rocky Mountains, and western desert areas. In Tennessee, multiflora rose occurs throughout the state along fence rows, successional fields, and pastures. It may invade natural areas, especially fields, flood plains, and light gaps in forests. Where can you find it (what kind of environment does it live in)? Multiflora rose will tolerate a wide range of edaphic and environmental conditions. It grows well in full sun or shade, loamy soils to eroded clay pans, and on moist to dry sites. Once established, multiflora rose grows rapidly forming dense, impenetrable thickets. How do you get rid of this plant/ weed? Mowing/Cutting: This method is appropriate for small initial populations or environmentally sensitive areas where herbicides cannot be used. Repeated mowing or cutting will control the spread of multiflora rose, but will not eradicate it. Stems should be cut at least once per growing season as close to ground level as possible. Hand cutting of established clumps is difficult and time consuming due to the long arching stems and prolific thorns.
https://io9.gizmodo.com/10-of-the-worlds-worst-invasive-species-5833022https://io9.gizmodo.com/10-of-the-worlds-worst-invasive-species-5833022 Top 10 world's worst invasive species!
Information • reaching up to 23 cm in length • It has highly visible poison glands located near the back of the head. • The cane toad was originally from South America and was introduced to Hawaii. • It was from Hawaii that it was introduced into north-eastern Australia around 1935 to control a major pest, the sugar cane beetle. • The toad itself has become a huge problem as a single female is capable of laying many thousands of eggs a year. • It is found all over Queensland and is spreading south into New South Wales and west into the Northern Territory. • It is believed to be moving at a rate of 30 kilometres per year. This great expansion is deadly to many other forms of wildlife as it will either eat or poison its prey and predators. • The cane toad is found in almost all types of habitat.
Questions? Can a cane toad kill a human? All stages of the Cane Toad's life-cycle are poisonous. The poison produced by the parotoid glands acts principally on the heart. No humans have died in Australia from Cane Toad poison but overseas, people have died after eating toads and even soup made from boiled toad eggs. What animal kills cane toads? Spiders such as the common wolf spider and Australian tarantula can kills and eat cane toads. Meat ants and water beetles also eat millions of young cane toads and tadpoles each year. What are cane toads attracted to? At night, cane toads gather to feed on insects that are attracted by an outdoor light. Male cane toads gather near water and call to attract females. Cane toads will steal pet food if it is left out at night. Cane toads can go without food for up to two weeks. Is a dead cane toad poisonous? Cane toads have glands on the back of their neck/shoulders which can emit a toxin known as bufotoxin. Their tadpoles are also highly toxic. Bufotoxin is poisonous to both dogs and cats, and also to most native species.
