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Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Learn about the characteristics of rocks, rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic), coal types, the rock cycle, and processes that form rocks. Includes details on identification, formation, and examples.

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Rocks and the Rock Cycle

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  1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

  2. I. Characteristics A. Solid B. Formed in nature C. Usually a mixture of minerals

  3. I. Characteristics D. Can have organic matter E. Identification is based on mineral content and texture

  4. II. Rock Types A. Igneous - formed from cooling and hardening of magma or lava

  5. A. Igneous 1. Extrusive - formed from lava a. fine or glassy texture, small crystals b. examples: obsidian, pumice, basalt

  6. A. Igneous 2. Intrusive - formed from magma a. Coarse texture, large crystals b. example: granite, quartz

  7. II. Rock Types B. Sedimentary - formed from compaction and cementation of sediments, usually in water

  8. B. Sedimentary 2 Types a. clastic – made up of bits and pieces of rock or organic matter • Example - conglomerate, sandstone, shale

  9. B. Sedimentary 2 Types (cont’d.) b. non-clastic – made from minerals dissolved in H2O (chemical) or made up of once living things (organic) • Example – limestone, gypsum, rock salt

  10. II. Rock Types C. Metamorphic 1. Definition - formed when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure or chemical action

  11. C. Metamorphic 2. Types a. foliated - visible layers of different minerals (example: gneiss) b. non-foliated - no visible layers (example:marble)

  12. III. Coal Type/Facts • Peat – Organic material, not yet a rock • Lignite - soft, low heat output, fast burning • Bituminous - most abundant (Va. Resource) • Anthracite - hard, high heat output, slow burning

  13. Not Rock Rock Organic Matter Peat Lignite Coal Bituminous Coal Anthracite Coal Coal Formation

  14. IV.The Rock Cycle A continuous process in which rocks change from one type to another.

  15. V. Processes that form Rocks A. melting B. weathering - the breaking down of rock by physical and chemical means C. compaction and cementation D. cooling and hardening E. heat and pressure

  16. weathering IGNEOUS Sediments heat/pressure weathering compaction/cementation cooling/hardening weathering melting METAMORPHIC melting heat/pressure melting Magma SEDIMENTARY

  17. Foldables Instructions • Fold paper in half longwise • Cut left half in three places from the left edge to the fold, making 3 flaps on the left side • Turn paper so that the flaps fold and face you

  18. Foldables (cont’d.) • On the outside place the rock types • On the inside top, write the rock type definition • On the inside bottom, write the rock type examples

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