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Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Rocks and the Rock Cycle. I. Characteristics. A. Solid B. Formed in nature C. Usually a mixture of minerals. I. Characteristics. D. Can have organic matter E. Identification is based on mineral content and texture. II. Rock Types. A. Igneous - formed

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Rocks and the Rock Cycle

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  1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

  2. I. Characteristics A. Solid B. Formed in nature C. Usually a mixture of minerals

  3. I. Characteristics D. Can have organic matter E. Identification is based on mineral content and texture

  4. II. Rock Types A. Igneous - formed from cooling and hardening of magma or lava

  5. A. Igneous 1. Extrusive - formed from lava a. fine or glassy texture, small crystals b. examples: obsidian, pumice, basalt

  6. A. Igneous 2. Intrusive - formed from magma a. Coarse texture, large crystals b. example: granite, quartz

  7. II. Rock Types B. Sedimentary - formed from compaction and cementation of sediments, usually in water

  8. B. Sedimentary 2 Types a. clastic – made up of bits and pieces of rock or organic matter • Example - conglomerate, sandstone, shale

  9. B. Sedimentary 2 Types (cont’d.) b. non-clastic – made from minerals dissolved in H2O (chemical) or made up of once living things (organic) • Example – limestone, gypsum, rock salt

  10. II. Rock Types C. Metamorphic 1. Definition - formed when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure or chemical action

  11. C. Metamorphic 2. Types a. foliated - visible layers of different minerals (example: gneiss) b. non-foliated - no visible layers (example:marble)

  12. III. Coal Type/Facts • Peat – Organic material, not yet a rock • Lignite - soft, low heat output, fast burning • Bituminous - most abundant (Va. Resource) • Anthracite - hard, high heat output, slow burning

  13. Not Rock Rock Organic Matter Peat Lignite Coal Bituminous Coal Anthracite Coal Coal Formation

  14. IV.The Rock Cycle A continuous process in which rocks change from one type to another.

  15. V. Processes that form Rocks A. melting B. weathering - the breaking down of rock by physical and chemical means C. compaction and cementation D. cooling and hardening E. heat and pressure

  16. weathering IGNEOUS Sediments heat/pressure weathering compaction/cementation cooling/hardening weathering melting METAMORPHIC melting heat/pressure melting Magma SEDIMENTARY

  17. Foldables Instructions • Fold paper in half longwise • Cut left half in three places from the left edge to the fold, making 3 flaps on the left side • Turn paper so that the flaps fold and face you

  18. Foldables (cont’d.) • On the outside place the rock types • On the inside top, write the rock type definition • On the inside bottom, write the rock type examples

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