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Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation in Learning through Contextualization, Personalization, and Choice

This study by Cordova and Lepper explores the profound impact of motivational enhancements—including contextualization, personalization, and choice—on elementary students' learning and intrinsic motivation. Conducted with 70 fourth and fifth graders, the research involved different game conditions (e.g., fantasy settings and choice involvement) to gauge their effects on student engagement and learning outcomes. Results highlighted that minimal modifications in the learning environment can significantly elevate motivation and enjoyment, laying the groundwork for future applications in educational settings.

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Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation in Learning through Contextualization, Personalization, and Choice

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  1. “Intrinsic Motivation and the Process of Learning: Beneficial Effects of Contextualization, Personalization, and the Choice”Diana I. Cordova and Mark R. LepperJournal of Educational Psychology 1996, Vol. 88, No. 4, 715-730Presented by: Youngmee Choi

  2. Goals • Issue-recognizing coach + motivational enhancements environment • Explore effects of different motivational enhancements to an educational game • Contextualization, Personlization, Choice • Measure impact on student: • Learning • Intrinsic motivation: Direct & relative enjoyment • Longer term motivation: Self-competence & aspiration for future challenge • Task involvement

  3. Experimental Method • Participants: • 4th & 5th graders 70 students • 5 Conditions: • No Fantasy control, Generic Fantasy-No Choice, Generic Fantasy-Choice, Personalized Fantasy-No Choice, Personalized Fantasy-Choice • Procedure(5 sessions): • Pre-test, Interest questionnaire, Play “Space Quest” or “Math Game”, Play “Treasure Hunt” or “Math Game”, Post-test

  4. Achieving Fantasy Effects • Two fantasies: • “Space Quest” & “Treasure Hunt” • Changes: • Start page included title & relevant icons • Prologue: Intro characters & mission • Game board changes: “Intergalactic trail” from “Earth” to “Planet Ektar”

  5. Achieving Personalization Effects • Use interest questionnaire from day 1 • Change in prologue • It’s [child’s bday], 1044. …your crew [3 friends]… necessary supplies [3 favorite foods & toys] … Commander [nickname] • Use child’s name for various events: • Each turn: “Commander Peter’s turn” • Landing on intergalactic tunnel, on Earth • Landing on Space Station • “You landed on the space station, Commander Peter. You are now resupplied with[child’s 3 favorite foods]

  6. Achieving Student Choice effects • Students make the following choices: • Select the icon to represent them • Name their space vehicle • Select icon for alien (opponent) • Name their opponent • Select starting point for the two shortcuts on board

  7. Conclusion • Motivational enhancements can have a dramatic effect • Not only on motivation, but also on learning • Contextualizing, personalizing, & choice all provided enhancement • Possible with minimal modifications • General principle • Maximize match between motivating activity & actions relevant to learning

  8. Future Works • How could we make use of such results in cognitive tutors? • Fantasy --> Context problem • Survey students interests • Incorporate in problems • Feedback

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