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Characteristics of The Biosphere

Characteristics of The Biosphere. Carrying capacity- largest number of individuals an environment can support and maintain Lag Phase- period of slow growth in a population Exponential Growth Phase- population repeatedly doubles in a specific time

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Characteristics of The Biosphere

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  1. Characteristics of The Biosphere

  2. Carrying capacity- largest number of individuals an environment can support and maintain Lag Phase- period of slow growth in a population Exponential Growth Phase- population repeatedly doubles in a specific time Stabilization Phase- deaths are equal to births, no growth Population size: the number of individuals in population Population density- the number of individuals in a given area Biotic potential- number of individuals that each female in a population can produce under the best possible conditions (food, water shelter etc.)

  3. J curve • Shows a population that is still in the exponential growth phase

  4. S- Curve • Population grows slowly at first, then enters rapid growth and finally stabilizes • At that point the carrying capacity of that environment has been achieved

  5. Saw-tooth or Predator/Prey curve • Predation- the feeding of one organism on another • The population of one species directly affects the population of the other species

  6. Density-dependent: Any factor that directly limits the size of the population Examples: Food, water, shelter, space Density-independent: factors that affect all populations in the same way regardless of the population density Example: Climate, fire, flood Limiting Factors

  7. Population Equations • Birth Rate: births/total pop. x 100 • Death Rate: deaths/total pop. X 100 • Population Change: (births + immigrants) – (deaths + emmigrants) = • Growth Rate: pop. change/total pop. x100

  8. The Symbiosis

  9. Mutualism • A relationship in which two species interact closely in a way that benefits both species • Ex: butterfly and flower • Butterfly gets food from flower • Flower disperses pollen via the butterfly

  10. Commensalism • Relationship in which one organism benefits from the interaction, and the other is neither helped nor harmed • Ex: barnacles and whales • Barnacles move from place to place via whale • Whale not affected

  11. Parasitism • Relationship between two organisms in which one species (parasite) harms the other species (host) • Ex: ticks and mammals • Ticks live under the skin of mammals and suck blood and nutrients from mammal -tick will not kill its host because it needs it as a resource -Mammal is severely weakened and harmed but does not die

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